Subglacial Lake Whillans (SLW) is located beneath ∼800 m of ice on the Whillans Ice Stream in West Antarctica and was sampled in January of 2013, providing the first opportunity to directly examine water and sediments from an Antarctic subglacial lake. To minimize the introduction of surface contaminants to SLW during its exploration, an access borehole was created using a microbiologically cle...

Subglacial Lake Whillans (SLW), West Antarctica, is an active component of the subglacial hydrological network located beneath 800 m of ice. The fill and drain behavior of SLW leads to long (years to decades) water residence times relative to those in mountain glacier systems. Here, we present the aqueous geochemistry of the SLW water column and pore waters from a 38-cm-long sediment core. Stab...

Radar Doppler spectra measurements are exploited to study a riming event when precipitating ice from a seeder cloud sediment through a supercooled liquid water (SLW) layer. The focus is on the “golden sample” case study for this type of analysis based on observations collected during the deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program’s (ARM) mobile facility AMF2 at Hyytiälä, Finlan...

There are several indicators that distinguish an academic discipline, including journals, conferences, and graduate programs. One of them is the presence of academic publications in well-regarded citation indices such as Web of Science (WoS). This study explored the bibliometric characteristics of publications on “second language writing” (SLW) covered in the Social Sciences Citation Index and ...

Microwave radiometers (MWR) are commonly used to quantify the amount of supercooled liquid water (SLW) in clouds; however, the accuracy of the SLW retrievals is limited by the poor knowledge of the SLW dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. Six liquid water permittivity models were compared with ground-based MWR observations between 31 and 225GHz from sites in Greenland, the German Alp...

Abstract. Extensive and rigorous model intercomparison is of great importance before application due to the uncertainties in current land surface models (LSMs). Without considering forcing data parameters, this study designed an ensemble 55 296 experiments evaluate Noah LSM with multi-parameterization (Noah-MP) for snow cover events (SCEs), soil temperature (ST) liquid water (SLW) simulation, i...

The choice of gray gas absorption coefficient in the Rank Correlated Spectral Line Weighted-sum-of-gray-gases (RC-SLW) model is investigated. Several options are considered for calculating cross-section from bounding supplemental cross-sections, including that determined by inversion F-variable using Gauss Quadratures, Geometric Mean values, Arithmetic Mean, and finally, a value weighting cross...

Age and growth analysis is essential to fisheries management. Indirect methods to calculate growth are widely used; however, length frequency data analysis in sea cucumbers is complicated by high data variability caused by body wall elasticity. Here we calculated Isostichopus badionotus parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function. In order to address bias produced by body wall elasticity,...

Separation Logic (SL) provides a simple but powerful technique for reasoning about imperative programs that use shared data structures. Unfortunately, SL supports only “strong updates”, in which mutation to a heap location is safe only if a unique reference is owned. This limits the applicability of SL when reasoning about the interaction between many high-level languages (e.g., ML, Java, C#) a...