introduction: reconstruction of intraoral soft tissue defects is important in restoring function and esthetic. in large defects, there will be demand for regional pedicle flaps or free flaps. hard palate separates nasal and oral cavities. due to the small surface area between flap and remaining palate after surgical resections, optimal blood supply of the flaps for hard palate reconstructions a...

man Island. At the entrance to the bay is a small island (Ross), 2^ miles up the bay is a second island (Chatham), and 2 miles beyond Chatham i* a third island (Viper). These three small islands, with numerous stations along the north and south shores of the bay, form the nucleus of the Settlement, which is year by year widening its area from these starting points and spreading inland into Sout...

Many insular vertebrates have undergone rapid and dramatic changes in body size compared to their mainland counterparts. Here we explore the relationship between two well known patterns of island body size the tendency for large-bodied species to dwarf and small-bodied species to get larger on islands, known as the ‘‘island rule’’, and the scaling of maximum and minimum body size of island asse...

Iceland and Trinidad and Tobago are small open, high-income island economies with very specific resource-use patterns. This article presents a material flow analysis (MFA) for the two countries covering a time period of nearly five decades. Both countries have a narrow domestic resource base, their economy being largely based on the exploitation of one or two key resources for export production...

The study presents a cost effective electricity generation portfolio for six island states for a 20-year period (2015–2035). The underlying concept investigates whether adding sizeable power capacities of renewable energy sources (RES) options could decrease the overall costs and contribute to a more sustainable, indigenous electricity generation at the same time. Often, island states rely on f...