purpose: to recognize affective factors in delivering x-ray contrast agents (which have high atomic number) via gallium carrier to liver or lymphatic neoplasm cells.   materials and methods: since uptake of gallium by liver has been reported in numerous researches, it was bonded with a contrast media (metrizoate). x-ray imaging was done to determine geometric features of liver.   results: radio...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy (SMART) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 97 patients who underwent SMART for NPC between August 2005 and November 2011 were evaluated. The prescribed dose was 69.9 Gy/30 fractions at 2.33 Gy/fraction to the primary gross tumor volume (PGTV) including the n...

A 43-year-ol d female had a cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma operated 27 years ago. Reoperation and radiation therapy were employed in a recurrence 13 years ago. One week before admission, progressive drowsiness, disorientation in time and space, slurred speech and worsening of a residual right hemiparesis begun. Cerebrospinal uid (CSF) analysis and electroencephalography (EEG) were unremarkabl...

Pre-clinical animal studies are used as a conventional means of translational research, as a midpoint between in-vitro cell studies and clinical implementation. However, modern small animal radiotherapy platforms are primitive in comparison with conventional linear accelerators. This work also investigates a series of 3D printed tools to expand the treatment capabilities of the X-RAD 225Cx orth...

INTRODUCTION Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) may develop painful 'procedure tract metastasis' (PTM) at the site of previous pleural interventions. Prophylactic radiotherapy has been used to minimise this complication; however, three small randomised trials have shown conflicting results regarding its effectiveness. The surgical and large bore procedures in malignant pleural m...

Local hyperthermia (HT), particularly in conjunction with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy was useful for the treatment of human malignant tumors including head and neck cancer. However, at present it suffered from many limitations such as thermal dose control, target treatment regions and discrimination between healthy and cancer cells. Recent developments in nanotechnology have introduc...

In the last few decades we have witnessed a great advancement in the treatment of rectal carcinoma. This advancement has partly been enabled by the development of new surgical techniques, magnetic resonance imaging as an optimal diagnostic tool and of new histopathological techniques for resected specimen evaluation. Other important contributions include the development of sophisticated radioth...

existed electricity grids deliver produced power to the consumer passing through transmission and distribution grids. according to high losses of these grids in transmission level and inexistence of bilateral interaction for simultaneous information exchange, a concept of smart grids were made by capabilities such as consciously participation of consumers in the smart electricity grids, an amou...

Background: Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a possible long term consequence of cranial beam and may present as perfect mimic with or without aura. Methods Results: We 57-year-old man suffering from diffuse astrocytoma presenting SMART perfectly mimicking his antecedent visual He was treated intravenous steroid inducing rapid response. Conclusion: rare c...