This EIF Working Paper takes a holistic approach to investigate SME financing patterns in Europe by performing a cluster analysis including 12,726 SMEs in 28 European countries. The results reveal that SME financing in Europe is not homogenous but that different financing patterns exist. The cluster analysis identifies six distinct SME financing types: mixed-financed SMEs, statesubsidised SMEs,...

blends of sorghum and soybean flours were processed in a co-rotating twin screw extruder to prepare expanded product. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to study the effect of soya level (sl), feed moisture (fm), barrel temperature (bt) and screw speed (ss) on extruder system parameters and physical properties of the extrudate. response variables were product temperature (pt), motor to...

A new method for analysis of microarray gene expression experiments referred to as Sum-based Meta-analytical Enrichment (SME) is proposed in this manuscript. SME is a combined enrichment and meta-analytical approach to infer on the association of gene sets with particular phenotypes. SME allows enrichment to be performed across datasets, which to our knowledge was not earlier possible. As a pro...

Background. Liver fibrosis is a significant liver disease in Asian countries. Sedum mexicanum Britt. (SM) has been claimed to have antihepatitis efficacy. In traditional folk medicine, a solution of boiling water-extracted SM (SME) is consumed to prevent and treat hepatitis. However, its efficacy has not yet been verified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of SME ...

This paper compares the performance of the Structure-Mapping Engzne (SME), a cognitive simulation of analogy, with two aspects of human performance. Gentner’s Structure-Mappzng theory predicts that soundness is highest for relational matches, while accessibility is highest for surface matches. These predictions have been borne out in psychological studies, and here we demonstrate that SME repli...

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytoprotective properties of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum muticum (SME) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cell damage in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). SME exhibited scavenging activity toward the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). SME a...

The bla(TEM-1) beta-lactamase gene has become widespread due to the selective pressure of beta-lactam use and its stable maintenance on transferable DNA elements. In contrast, bla(SME-1) is rarely isolated and is confined to the chromosome of carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens strains. Dissemination of bla(SME-1) via transfer to a mobile DNA element could hinder the use of carbapenems. In...

OBJECTIVES An increasing prevalence since 2010 of Serratia marcescens harbouring the Ambler class A carbapenemase SME prompted us to further characterize these isolates. METHODS Isolates harbouring bla(SME) were identified by PCR and sequencing. Phenotypic analysis for carbapenemase activity was carried out by a modified Hodge test and a modified Carba NP test. Antimicrobial susceptibilities ...

Secure multi-execution (SME) is a promising black-box technique for enforcing information flow properties. Unlike traditional static or dynamic language-based techniques, SME satisfies noninterference (soundness) by construction and is also precise. SME executes a given program twice. In one execution, called the high run, the program receives all inputs, but the program’s public outputs are su...

Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins are essential splicing factors. We previously identified the spliceosomal protein E (SmE) as a downstream effector of E2F1 in p53-deficient human carcinoma cells. Here, we investigated the biological relevance of SmE in determining the fate of cancer and non-tumourigenic cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of SmE selectively reduces growth of cancerous cells d...