Normality is a distributional requirement of classical test statistics. In order for the test statistic to provide valid results leading to sound and reliable conclusions this requirement must be satisfied. In the not too distant past, it was claimed that violations of normality would not likely jeopardize scientific findings Wilcox, 2012a, b). Unfortunately the data obtained in psychological i...

The normality assumption is at the core of a majority of standard statistical procedures, and it is important to be able to test this assumption. In addition, showing that a sample does not come from a normally distributed population is sometimes of importance per se. Among the many procedures used to test this assumption, one of the most well-known is a modification of the Kolomogorov-Smirnov ...

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Livers from 108 birds found prostrate or dead in Ilha Grande Bay between 2005 and 2010 were analyzed for 16 PCB congeners (IUPAC numbers 8, 18, 28, 31, 52, 77, 101, 118, 126, 128, 138, 149, 153, 169, 170, and 180). The species analyzed were Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus 1758), Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus 1758), Egretta thula (Molina 1782), and Ardea cocoi (Linnaeus 1766). The analysis were per...

In banking the default behavior of the counterpart is of interest not only for the pricing of transactions under credit risk but also for the assessment of portfolio credit risk. We develop a test against the hypothesis that default intensities are constant over time within a homogeneous group of counterparts under investigation, e.g. a rating class. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov-type test builds on t...

Quality management systems especially ISO 9000 has gained great importance in today business with the purpose of offering higher value to the stakeholders. This retrospective study analyzed productivity records of the Barez Industrial Group consisted of eleven companies in Iran, from 1994 to 2001 by the means of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS 15). One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov ...

When object-based analysis is applied to very high-resolution imagery, pixels within the segments reveal large spectral inhomogeneity; their distribution can be considered complex rather than normal. When normality is violated, the classification methods that rely on the assumption of normally distributed data are not as successful or accurate. It is hard to detect normality violations in small...

For the approximation of some of well-known time series of Paramecia aurelia and Paramecia caudatum (under the separated cultivation of both species) population size changing in time, some well-known models were used. For all considering models values of parameters were estimated with least square method (with global fitting) in two different ways: with and without additional limits for paramet...