background: presently, the british-american tobacco company (bat) located in ibadan, oyo state is the only tobacco producing company in nigeria accounting for about nine different brands of cigarette tobacco smoked in the country. the tobacco leaves are produced from some farmlands located in oke-ogun area of ibadan where special fertilizers are used for the growing of the tobacco leaves. the u...

Mycobacterium avium was recovered from tobacco, cigarette paper, and cigarette filters. M. avium could also be recovered from cigarette filters after the cigarettes had been smoked.

BACKGROUND The relevance of nicotine yields from machine-smoked cigarettes for quantifying smokers' nicotine intakes and exposure to cigarette toxins has been called into question. However, most studies of the relationship between nicotine yield and nicotine intake have been on relatively small and unrepresentative samples and have included few smokers of "ultra-low" brands (i.e., those yieldin...

OBJECTIVES Data from the 1992, 1993, and 1994 Monitoring the Future Surveys were used to investigate the differential effects of cigarette price on the intensity of youth cigarette smoking. METHODS Respondents were classified into non-smokers; individuals who smoked less than one cigarette per day; individuals who smoked one to five cigarettes per day; individuals who smoked one-half pack a d...

Cigarette smoking histories, reported depth of inhalation, number of pipe and cigars (PC) smoked, serum thiocyanate (SCN) and expired air carbon monoxide (CO) levels were examined in PC male smokers enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Serum SCN levels for all PC smokers were higher than for non-smokers and lower than for current cigarette smokers. Levels were relate...

Hypertension is also one of the health problems found in Indonesian population. There are many risk factors that can cause hypertension, including smoking, genetics, obesity, stress, salt intake, and exercise. a problem smoking habits (number cigarettes smoked, type cigarette smoked (smoked, duration smoking) with incidence men aged ≥ 40 years at Rambung Health Center, Tebing Tinggi City. A des...

objective: cigarette smoking is a highly addictive behavior and nicotine dependence is a well known model for drug dependence. it also acts as a gateway drug for the use of other illicit substances. in 1999, iran ministry of health and the national research center carried out a study which revealed that 11.9% of iranian population use cigarette. methods: the present study is a cross-sectional h...

This four-country study examined salivary cotinine as a marker for nicotine intake and addiction among smokers in relation to numbers and types of cigarettes smoked. Smoking characteristics of cigarette smokers in Brazil, China, Mexico, and Poland were identified using a standard questionnaire. Cotinine concentration was measured using a saliva sample from each participant; its relationship wit...

a cross-sectional survey was conducted .using a modified questionnaire for the study of cigarette smoking prevalence in khalkhal city, iran, during may-â june 1999. a simple random sample with size 260 was selected for this study. all of the students in the sample completed a questionnaire. the results showed among 260 students, 104 of them (40%) experienced at least once cigarette smoking and ...