Gastrointestinal infection due to biological contamination of drinking water supplies is a major health issue worldwide. Naturally occurring and inexpensive modified materials such as surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) have net positive surface charge, which may prove useful for adsorption of pathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinales (lamblia). SMZ is engineered by modif...

The objective of this paper was to analyse sex differences of the thickness of the subchondral mineralised tissue zone (SMZ), and to find out whether systematic changes of SMZ thickness are associated with naturally occurring, non-full-thickness cartilage lesions of human patellae. In 32 methyl-methacrylate-embedded specimens (16 normal, 8 with focal medial, and 8 with lateral lesions) the SMZ ...

This study was designed to examine the interaction of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with human serum albumin(HSA). Spectroscopic analysis of the emission quenching at different temperatures revealed that the quenching mechanism of human serum albumin by SMZ was static mechanism. The binding constant values for the SMZ-HSA system were obtained to be 22,500 L/mol at 288 K, 15,600 L/mol at 298 K, and 850...

BACKGROUND Pneumocystis jirovecii is responsible for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), which occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised individuals. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is regarded as the first-line treatment and prophylaxis for P. jirovecii infection, but the frequency of adverse reactions and newly emerged antibiotic resistance limit its use. CASE PRESENTATION Ulceration...

Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines state that uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) should be treated empirically with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), unless the community resistance among uropathogens exceeds 10%-20%, in which case a fluoroquinolone (FQ) should be used. However, the data to support this threshold are limited. We performed a cost-minimization and...

BACKGROUND Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) has been used extensively for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii (also referred to as "Pneumocystis jiroveci") pneumonia (PCP) and other opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. Because the efficacy of TMP-SMZ for treatment of bacterial infections is limited, it is sometimes poorly tolerated, and the...

An immunoaffinity chromatographic (IAC) method for isolating sulfamethazine (SMZ) from incurred urine samples was developed. This was achieved by (i) generating polyclonal antibodies that recognize equally well SMZ and its major urinary metabolites, (ii) evaluating in an ELISA procedure the influence of methanol, salt and pH on the antigen-antibody interaction in order to determine the optimum ...

In packet switched optical network, packet header extraction and processing in alloptical domain is a challenging task. In this paper we propose a new all-optical header extraction scheme based on the versatile all-optical ultrafast symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) switch and pulse position modulation (PPM) for 80 Gb/s data rate. In SMZ switches, the residual power residing outside the switching wi...

The increasing demands for environmental protection and sustainable food production require an increase in the use of natural and non-toxic materials for agriculture. In this study, the feasibility of using surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) in comparison with zeolite clinoptilolite (Cp) application to reduce nitrate leaching and enhance crop growth was investigated. The effects of size (millime...

In a double-blind, randomized, multicenter study, 400 women with symptoms of acute urinary tract infections were treated with either a 7-day course of temafloxacin hydrochloride (400 mg once a day; n = 204) or a 10-day course of trimethoprim (160 mg) and sulfamethoxazole (800 mg) (TMP-SMZ) twice daily (n = 196). The bacteriologic cure rates at 5 to 9 days posttherapy were 100% in the temafloxac...