Several approaches with reference to customer involvement in the product development process can be found in the research literature. The majority of studies, focusing primarily on customer involvement in the product or service development process, are based on research in the area of new product development. However, these studies did not describe which customers or groups of customers are sui...

The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of wrist guard use on all upper-extremity injuries in snowboarders. This matched case-control study was conducted at 19 ski areas in Quebec, Canada. Cases were 1,066 injured snowboarders who reported upper-extremity injuries to the ski patrol during the 2001-2002 season. Controls were 970 snowboarders with non-upper-extremity injur...

BACKGROUND The prevention of head injuries in alpine activities has focused on helmets. However, no systematic review has examined the effect of helmets on head and neck injuries among skiers and snowboarders. METHODS We searched electronic databases, conference proceedings and reference lists using a combination of the key words "head injury or head trauma," "helmet" and "skiing or snowboard...

Injuries of the wrist are common among snowboarders and in-line skaters. Wrist protectors have been developed to protect against injury. Some studies support the use of such wrist protection, but others emphasize the fact that wrist protectors may transfer the injury to other locations in the forearm. We conducted a prospective, randomized, clinical study of 5,029 snowboarders, 2,515 in a brace...

INTRODUCTION Little is known about the distribution of injuries in competitive snowboarding and there are no reports describing long-term complications of professional snowboarding. To examine the injury distribution and long-term impairments in active and retired professional snowboarders, a retrospective data analysis was performed using a questionnaire. As a control group, injuries of recrea...

Research has shown that participation in sport tourism can enhance wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between wellbeing generated through active and overall life satisfaction. Three different types (i.e., golf, snowboarding, long-distance running) were compared explore whether type experience impacts Broaden-and-build theory used as a theoretical foundation...

CONTEXT Although using a helmet is assumed to reduce the risk of head injuries in alpine sports, this effect is questioned. In contrast to bicycling or inline skating, there is no policy of mandatory helmet use for recreational alpine skiers and snowboarders. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of wearing a helmet on the risk of head injury among skiers and snowboarders while correcting for oth...

OBJECTIVE To systematically review studies that examined the effectiveness of wrist guards in preventing wrist injuries among snowboarders. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE (1966-March 2005), EMBASE (1988-March 2005), Cochrane (2005 Issue 1), Sport Discus (1975-March 2005) were searched using variations of the term "snowboard." PubMED was searched for the year 2005 to capture any recently published studie...

PURPOSE To evaluate whether helmets increase the incidence and/or severity of cervical spine injury; decrease the incidence of head injury; and/or increase the incidence of collisions (as a reflection of adverse effects on peripheral vision and/or auditory acuity) among young skiers and snowboarders. METHODS During one ski season (1998-99) at a world class ski resort, all young skiers and sno...

BACKGROUND Reports from the U.S. suggest increases in the proportion and rate of head and neck injuries in skiers and snowboarders. It is important to determine if the same is true in Canada. METHODS Skiers and snowboarders (< 18 years) presenting to 16 selected emergency departments from 1991 to 1999 were assigned one body region of injury in the following order: i) brain and spine-spinal co...