Science in the 21st century does not consider participants' welfare, safety and human rights in clinical studies, but modern science puts economic profits in its priority. This leads to a growing concern about social responsibility and professionalism ethics of companies, sponsors and scientists. Specifically, there is no way to control conflicts of participants' welfare with economic profits, ...

the nigerian rice sector has made remarkable improvement in the last decade as production has increased significantly thereby reducing the gap between domestic supply and demand. in the last three decades, rice imports make up greater proportion of nigerian imports as rice forms a structural component of the nigerian diet. past government inconsistent policies were not successful in securing go...

This article presents an evaluation approach for alternative electronic market designs and examines the impact of introducing an IT-enabled innovation (a social communication tool to support group coordination) in an online group-buying market in terms of group decision-making and economic performance. Drawing on theory from economics, decision theory, and information systems, we present a comp...

The area of Social entrepreneurship has become an important issue of contemporary relevance in academic literature and research. The paper puts forward a view of social entrepreneurship as a process that brings social change or addresses important social needs. Social entrepreneurship is seen as differing form other forms of enterprise where a high priority is given to promote social value and ...

The cost-benefit analysis of a project or program uses the net social benefits (NSB) criterion for evaluation purposes, where NSB equals social benefits (B) less social costs (C). Efficient social choices involve the selection of those projects for which net social benefits are highest. The maximisation of net social benefits is the public sector equivalent to the maximisation of profits in the...

M disclose quality information directly to potential consumers using a variety of communication channels. This study investigates how competition may influence duopoly firms’ incentive to voluntarily reveal quality information. We show that firms in competitive markets reveal less information than a monopoly firm. In addition, sequential disclosure leads to asymmetric equilibrium disclosure beh...

Tax laws and administrations often treat different sized firms differently. There is, however, little research on the consequences. As modeled here, oligopolists with different efficiencies determine the size distribution of firms. A government that maximizes a weighted sum of consumer surplus, profits and tax receipts can tax firms with different efficiencies differently and provides a referen...

Consumers purchase conspicuous goods to satisfy not just material needs but also social needs such as prestige. In an attempt to meet these social needs, marketing managers of conspicuous goods like cars, perfumes, and watches employ several strategies to highlight the exclusivity of their products. These strategies include using exclusive distribution, charging high prices, and limiting produc...

This study proposes a bilevel programming model in which the supply chain (SC) director determines optimal performance levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and compensation for all SC actors, thus maximizing total SC profits. Given the fixed CSR performance levels, the equilibrium product flows are determined in the lower-level model, in which the profit-maximizing behavior of the in...