purpose: to determine the prevalence and to describe the demographic pattern of congenital cataract surgery performed at a referral hospital in iran during four consecutive years with respect to sex inequality in receiving eye care. methods: all children aged 15 years or less who had undergone congenital cataract surgery between 2006 and 2009 in labbafinejad medical center were enrolled in this...

Fluorescence is widely used in optical devices, microscopy imaging, biology, medical research and diagnosis. Improving fluorescence sensitivity, all the way to the limit of single-molecular detection needed in many applications, remains a great challenge. The technique of surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) is based upon the design of surfaces in the vicinity of the emitter. SEF yields an overa...

We recorded neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field (SEF) while monkeys made saccades to targets that yielded rewards of variable amount and uncertainty of delivery. Some SEF cells (29%) represented the anticipated value of the saccade target. These neurons encoded the value of the reward option but did not reflect the action necessary to obtain the reward. A plurality of cells (45%) r...

How supplementary eye field (SEF) contributes to visual search is unknown. Inputs from cortical and subcortical structures known to represent visual salience suggest that SEF may serve as an additional node in this network. This hypothesis was tested by recording action potentials and local field potentials (LFPs) in two monkeys performing an efficient pop-out visual search task. Target selecti...

background: socioeconomic status and demographic factors, such as education, occupation, place of residence, gender, age, and marital status have been reported to be associated with obesity. we conducted a systematic review to summarize evidences on associations between socioeconomic factors and obesity/overweight in iranian population.   methods : we systematically searched international datab...

This in vitro study monitored MMP-8 production on PMN by stimulated with the following three groups; Sonicated extracts of E. faecalis (SEF), SEF treated with Ca(OH)2 (12.5mg/ml) for 7 days, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of E. coli. The level of MMP-8 in each group was immediately measured by ELISA. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. In the SEF group, the l...

background: tuberculosis (tb) is one of the main health issues in turkey. extrapulmonary tb cases have significant proportion comparing pulmonary tb cases. the aim of the study was to evaluate the extrapulmonary tuberculosis (eptb) cases in two regions of turkey, which have different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. methods: in this retrospective cohort study, eptb cases between 2...

How supplementary eye field (SEF) contributes to visual search is unknown. Inputs from cortical and subcortical structures known to represent visual salience suggest that SEF may serve as an additional node in this network. This hypothesis was tested by recording action potentials and local field potentials (LFPs) in two monkeys performing an efficient pop-out visual search task. Target selecti...

Upstream sequences of the gene encoding the a‘ subunit of 8-conglycinin were analyzed for interactions with nuclear proteins from immature soybean seeds. Two factors were identified that interact with specific sequence elements within 257 base pairs 5‘ of the transcription start site. One factor, SEF 3, binds exclusively to a region composed of two elements located at -183 to -169 base pairs an...

The supplementary eye fields (SEFs) are located in dorsomedial frontal cortex and contribute to high-level control of eye movements. Recordings in the SEF reveal neural activity related to vision, saccades, and fixations, and electrical stimulation in the SEF evokes saccades and fixations. Inactivations and lesions of the SEF, however, cause minimal oculomotor deficits. The SEF thus processes i...