background: among all common techniques in sitedirectedmutagenesis, λ red recombinase system has beenwidely used to knock out chromosomal genes in bacteria. in thismethod, there is always the risk of dna linear digestion byhost's restriction enzymes that leads to the low frequency ofrecombination. objectives:to overcome this, we constructeda recombinant vector to disrupt phop gene in salmonella...

To address the need for broad-spectrum antiviral activity characterization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase inhibitors, we created a panel of intergenotypic chimeric replicons containing nonstructural (NS) protein NS5B sequences from genotype 2b (GT2b), GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, and GT6a HCV isolates. Viral RNA extracted from non-GT1 HCV patient plasma was subjected to reverse transcription. The N...

objectives: strr is a putative pathway specific regulator of streptomycin production in streptomyces griseus. because of finding new spo0j domain in strr by bioinformatics methods, the purpose of this study was to suggest another role for strr gene. this domain can be seen in proteins that are involved in initiation of sporulation and normal chromosome partitioning. so, 51 bps of strr in accord...

Evidence for the role of chitinases in biocontrol by Trichoderma species has been well documented.Chit42 lacks a chitin–binding domain (ChBD) which is involved in its binding activity to insoluble chitin. The objective of the present study was to enhance antifungal activity of T. harzianum by overexpression of wild type and hybrid forms of Chit42 containing chitin binding domain. To produce chi...

Scarcely any invention has altered biological science so radically in such a short period as the polyme-rase chain reaction, or PCR. With this technique, minute amounts of DNA can be replicated very rapidly and thereby amplified to such an extent that the DNA becomes easy to detect, study and use for any given purpose. The potential of this technique in medicine has long been known, and ever mo...

Background Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of alpha and beta subunits.This hormone is secreted from the pituitary gland. LH, in women triggers Menstrual cycle and ovulation. In men, LH stimulates production of testosterone, which plays a specialized role in sperm production. Up to day, LH hormone have produced in different ways such as codon optimization and al...