Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are co-introduced into soils by irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. We targeted carbamazepine (CBZ) as a model compound to study the tertiary interactions between relatively polar PCs, DOM, and soil. Sorption-desorption behavior of CBZ was studied with bulk clay soil and the corresponding clay size fraction in the following sys...

A batch reactor was used to determine sorption kinetic parameters (k2, F, and K*) and the equilibrium sorption coefficient (K). The two-site nonequilibrium (TSNE) batch sorption kinetics model was used to calculate the kinetic parameters. Two probe organic pesticides, atrazine [2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine] and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] were studied u...

Experimentally determining soil sorption behavior of xenobiotic chemicals during the last 10 years has been costly, time-consuming, and very tedious. Since an estimated 100,000 chemicals are currently in common use and new chemicals are registered at a rate of 1000 per year, it is obvious that our human and material resources are insufficient to experimentally obtain their soil sorption data. M...

Elucidating veterinary antibiotic interactions with soil is important for assessing and mitigating possible environmental hazards. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of vegetative management, soil properties, and >1000 Da dissolved organic matter (DOM) on sulfamethazine (SMZ) behavior in soil. Sorption experiments were performed over a range of SMZ concentrations (2.5-...

Heavy metals are toxic soil pollutants that are retarded in soils by sorption at the solid phase. At a small scale (of a soil sample), the sorption process can be observed and quantified using sorption isotherms. However, most environmental problems have to be treated and solved at large scales (e.g., a field scale). At the field scale, heavy metal sorption isotherms are commonly highly variabl...

A laboratory study has been carried out on two soil layers (H[X] and H[Y]) located above a groundwater table in Yaounde, Cameroon (Central Africa). The main purpose of this study was to assess the retention potential or sorption kinetics of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. on these soil layers. For both soil layers, bacterial sorption on soil particles occurred rapidly during the first 30 mi...

The transformation of isoxaflutole (ISOX) to its herbicidally active diketonitrile degradate (DKN) was significantly enhanced in the presence of soil and occurred more rapidly in systems containing soil with a greater soil pH. Sorption-desorption of ISOX and DKN in five soils collected within a field revealed both ISOX and DKN were more readily sorbed to soils with greater organic matter, clay ...

It is important to examine mechanisms of Pb and Cd sorption in soils to understand their bioavailability. The ability of three tropical soils to retain Pb, Cd, and Ca was evaluated. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the extent to which soil sorption sites are metal specific, (2) investigate the nature of reactions between metals and soil surfaces, and (3) identify how metals co...

The batch equilibrium approach was used to examine the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on the sorption behaviors of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study of PAH sorption to MWNTs in real natural soil systems. The sorption behavior of three PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene) in the presence of commerciall...

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and two typical metals (copper and silver) on black soil and its components (kaolinite and humic acid) were investigated. It was found that because of their different valences and properties, Cu2+ and Ag+ presented different effects on the sorption of mefenacet. Due to the competition of Cu2+, along with the shells of dense water forme...