response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimum processing conditions that lead to maximum water loss, weight reduction and minimum solid gain as well as water activity during osmotic dehydration of carrots. temperature (30-50?c), processing time (120-240 min), glucose syrup de=42 (30-50% w/w) and salt (5-15%) concentrations were the factors investigated with respect to water ...

inulin is widely used in functional foods throughout the world for its health-promoting and technological properties. helianthus tuberosus is cultivated widely in the northern part of iran. helianthus tuberosus can be a valuable source of inulin. to optimize conventional extraction of inulin, various combinations of time, temperature, and solvent: solid ratio, were used. in this research, a ser...

aim: to enhance the aqueous solubility of olanzapine by using the solid dispersion technique. solid dispersions of olanzapine were prepared by the dispersion method using using pgs and ssg as carriers. drug:carrier ratios such as 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 were tried for optimization. characterization was done by phase solubility, in vitro release, saturation solubility, permeation, wetta...

The aim of this study was to enhance the dissolution rate of efavirenz using solid dispersion systems (binary and ternary). A comparison between solvent and fusion method was also investigated. Solid dispersions of efavirenz were prepared using polyethylene glycol 8000, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 alone and combination of both. Tween 80 was incorporated to obtain a ternary solid dispersion system....

We want to understand whether and to what extent the maximal (Carnot) efficiency for heat engines can be reached at a finite power. To this end we generalize the Carnot cycle so that it is not restricted to slow processes. We show that for realistic (i.e., not purposefully designed) engine-bath interactions, the work-optimal engine performing the generalized cycle close to the maximal efficienc...

The wave equation, ∂ttu = ∆u, in R, considered with initial data u(x, 0) = f ∈ H(R) and u′(x, 0) = 0, has a solution which we denote by 1 2 (e √ −∆f + e−it √ −∆f). We give almost sharp conditions under which sup0<t<1 |e ±it √ −∆f | and supt∈R |e ±it √ −∆f | are bounded from H(R) to L(R).

This study consists of two training experiments using a mechanically braked cycle ergometer. First, the effect of 6 wk of moderate-intensity endurance training (intensity: 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 60 min.d-1, 5 d.wk-1) on the anaerobic capacity (the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit) and VO2max was evaluated. After the training, the anaerobic capacity did not increase significant...

A simple model that describes traffic flow in two dimensions is studied. A sharp jamming transition is found that separates between the low density dynamical phase in which all cars move at maximal speed and the high density jammed phase in which they are all stuck. Self organization effects in both phases are studied and discussed.

We establish a description of the maximal C*-algebra of quotients of a unital C*-algebra A as a direct limit of spaces of completely bounded bimodule homomorphisms from certain operator submodules of the Haagerup tensor product A ⊗h A labelled by the essential closed right ideals of A into A. In addition the invariance of the construction of the maximal C*-algebra of quotients under strong Mori...