For t h e purposes o f t h i s d iscuss ion, source r e d u c t i o n i n t h e p l a t i n g i n d u s t r y w i l l i n c l u d e t h e f o l l o w i n g : Why m i g h t t h i s be so? M a t e r i a l s u b s t i t u t i o n Process m o d i f i c a t i o n M o d i f i e d o p e r a t i n g p r a c t i c e s

This article deals with pollution control through source reduction, as an alternative to waste treatment. Many treatment systems simply remove an undesirable process waste from one medium and capture it in another. For example, scrubbers on smokestacks remove Undesirable combustion products by dissolving them in water. Biodegradation of chemicals in wastewater produces sludges (solid wastes)....

The report by the National Academy of Science Committee on Institutional Considerations in Reducing the Generation of Hazardous Industrial Waste examines key institutional, or nontechnical, factors that affect the generation of hazardous waste by industry. It provides a framework for evaluating public policies, both regulatory and nonregulatory, to reduce the generation of hazardous waste. The ...

Denoising source separation is a recently introduced framework for building source separation algorithms around denoising procedures. Two developments are reported here. First, a new scheme for accelerating and stabilising convergence by controlling step sizes is introduced. Second, a novel signal-variance based denoising function is proposed. Estimates of variances of different source are whit...

In this study we examine a moderated model of group faultlines, team identification, and group performance outcomes. We extend research on faultlines by showing how different faultline bases (social category and information-based faultlines) may have differential effects on the performance of groups. In addition to faultline strength (the extent of demographic alignment across members within a ...

Background & objectives: Increasing solid waste has made waste management an important challenge in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to comparative evaluation of the application of incineration technologies and other waste disposal methods in Iran using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in 2019. Methods: In this descriptive-applied research, after making a hierarchy, the...

Background: Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) is known as a non-invasive technique capable of measuring elemental concentration in voluminous samples in a short period of time. Also it is a valuable diagnostic tool for total body elemental measurements. 252Cf and 241Am-Be sources which are usually used in this method, generate not only neutrons, but also emit high-energy and unwa...