Today’s smartphone users face a security dilemma: many apps they install operate on privacy-sensitive data, although they might originate from developers whose trustworthiness is hard to judge. Researchers have addressed the problem with more and more sophisticated static and dynamic analysis tools as an aid to assess how apps use private user data. Those tools, however, rely on the manual conf...

We count labeled acyclic digraphs according to the number sources, sinks, and edges. 1. Counting acyclic digraphs by sources. Let An(t;α) = ∑ D αt, where the sum is over all acyclic digraphs D on the vertex set [n] = {1, 2, . . . , n}, e(D) is the number of edges of D, and s(D) is the number of sources of D; that is, the number of vertices of D of indegree 0. Let An(t) = An(t; 1). To find a rec...

Through estimations of above-and below-ground standing biomass, annual biomass increment, fine root production and turnover, litterfall, canopy respiration and total soil CO 2 efflux, a carbon balance on seasonal and yearly timescales is developed for a Eucalypt open-forest savanna in northern Australia. This carbon balance is compared to estimates of carbon fluxes derived from eddy covariance ...