metropolitan regions as a result of the steady stream of urbanization in industrial period which have occurred during 20th century, become the engine of countries growth and development. in the process of formation and development in these areas, spatial structuring that define through two elements of population and activity with the communication structure interacting between them, has been ef...

Multitype spatial point patterns with hierarchical interactions are considered. Here hierarchical interaction means directionality: points on a higher level of hierarchy affect the locations of points on the lower levels, but not vice versa. Such relations are common, for example, in ecological communities. Interacting point patterns are often modeled by Gibbs processes with pairwise interactio...

This paper describes practical techniques for fitting stochastic models to spatial point pattern data using the statistical language R. The techniques are demonstrated with a detailed analysis of two real datasets. We have implemented the techniques as a package spatstat in the R language. Both spatstat and R are freely available from the R website [19]. Sections 2 and 3 introduce the spatstat ...