In statistics it is often assumed that sample observations are independent. But sometimes in practice, observations are somehow dependent on each other. Spatiotemporal data are dependent data which their correlation is due to their spatiotemporal locations.Spatiotemporal models arise whenever data are collected across bothtime and space. Therefore such models have to be analyzed in termsof thei...

The objective of this review was to demonstrate the main tools of three- and four-dimensional ultrasonography, using the spatiotemporal image correlation software and its respective applications for assessing the fetal heart and its vascular connections, along with its potential contribution towards screening for congenital heart diseases. Today, conventional, two-dimensional, echocardiography ...

A methodological framework for experimental analysis of the noise-power spectrum (NPS) of multidimensional images is presented that employs well-known properties of the n-dimensional (nD) Fourier transform. The approach is generalized to n dimensions, reducing to familiar cases for n = 1 (e.g., time series) and n = 2 (e.g., projection radiography) and demonstrated experimentally for two cases i...

Fetal cardiac function has been shown to be a marker of disease severity in many conditions, including intrauterine growth restriction, congenital heart defects or disease (CHD), twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, idiopathic hydrops, fetal arrhythmias, and others. It is often targeted for evaluation of patient management, for providing complete and accurate diagnoses in CHD, for patient counsel...