biological reactions of the two-spotted spider mite (tss), tetranychus urticae, were studied on nine cultivars of tomatoes. the spider mites were reared on leaf discs, taken from fruiting stages of the host plants. the effects of feeding on some tomato cultivars, namely: long shelf life, meran (greenhouse cultivars), redclude, western red, imperial, yazd, mazandaran, west azarbaijan and khorasa...

Abstract Adult female spiders lay batches of eggs in silken egg sacs, and after hatching, the spiderlings live for transient periods their mother's web before dispersing. Sibling cannibalism is frequently observed among many species under conditions food deprivation. Here, we conducted assays small Petri dishes with different densities newly hatched (second instar) false widow spider, Steatoda ...

tarantulas have recently become as pets in most parts of the world that increased the probability of encountering emergency physicians with patients hurt with these spiders. their attacks usually do not cause general manifestation, however there are some case reports in this regard. here, a 40-year-old man was reported who was referred to the emergency department with severe periumbilical pain ...

The embryonic development of the spider crabs Leurocyclus tuberculosus and Libinia spinosa was divided into five periods based on the differentiation of: (I) cleavage, (II) embryonic primordium, III) optic lobes, (IV) optic lobes pigmented and (V) chromatophores presence. Different traits such as spines, setae and telson morphology distinguish the two species from period III until hatching. Egg...

Selection by inbreeding depression should favour mating biases that reduce the risk of fertilization by related mates. However, equivocal evidence for inbreeding avoidance questions the strength of inbreeding depression as a selective force in the evolution of mating biases. Lack of inbreeding avoidance can be because of low risk of inbreeding, variation in tolerance to inbreeding or high costs...

ABSTRACT Silicon is an inducer of plant resistance to arthropod pests, being a promising strategy for integrated management. The aim this study was evaluate the effect silicon on biological, reproductive and population aspects parental F1 generations two-spotted spider mite strawberry plants. Potassium silicate, nanosilica water were applied Two-spotted females confined leaf disks oviposition a...

more than 40,000 species of spiders have been identified in the world. spider bites is a common problem among people, however few of them are harmful but delay in treatment can cause death. since the spider bites are risk full to human, they should be taken seriously, especially in endemic areas. our objective in this review was to study about poisonous spiders and find out treatments of them. ...