In a deregulated electricity market such as the California WEPEX, spinning reserves must be explicitly identified as an ancillary service and priced. Additionally, scheduling coordinators who match suppliers and demands may either self-provide spinning reserves, or rely on the Independent System Operator (ISO) to provide reserves at the spot price. The deregulated market structure makes explici...

This document proposes a definition of spinning reserve. It also compares the amount asked by TSOs in several systems according to this definition. What is spinning reserve?

this paper proposes a novel technique for solving generation scheduling and ramp rate constrained unit commitment. a modified objective function associated with a new start-up cost term is introduced in this paper. the proposed method is used to solve generating scheduling problem satisfying srr, minimum up and down time as well as ramp rate constraints. two case studies are conducted to implem...

In the future, automated demand response mechanisms will be used as spinning reserve. Demand response in the smart grid must be resilient to cyber-physical threats. In this paper, we evaluate the resilience of demand response when used as spinning reserve in the presence of cyber-physical threats. We quantify this evaluation by correlating the stability of the system in the presence of attacks ...

In this paper, the multi-area environmental economic dispatch (MAEED) problem with reserve constraints is solved by proposing an enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) method. The objective of MAEED problem is to determine the optimal generating schedule of thermal units and inter-area power transactions in such a way that total fuel cost and emission are simultaneously optimized while sat...

Spinning reserve allocation is a critical problem for active power dispatch with large-scale wind power penetration. A risk-based reserve allocation method that accounts multiple control sub-area coordination is given in this paper. And a multi-objective optimization model is constructed to schedule the spinning generation reserve for online active power dispatch. A fuzzy optimization method is...

Strategic bidding in joint energy and spinning reserve markets is a challenging task from the viewpoint of Generation Companies (GenCos). In this paper, the interaction between energy and spinning reserve markets is modeled considering a joint probability density function for the prices of these markets. Considering pay-as-bid pricing mechanism, the bidding problem is formulated and solved as a...