SUM MARY Direct current electronystagmographic recordings of spontaneous nystagmus in light, in darkness, and with eye closure have been carried out on (a) 33 patients with acoustic neurinomata pressing on the brain stem, and (b) 10 patients with lesions involving the brain stem at a high level. Patterns of response characteristics of each group have been identified in 21 out of 28 cases of gro...

Different balance problems may occur in the same patient simultaneously, and the other problem may be overlooked if the clinician does not pay much attention. Spontaneous nystagmus of Meniere's disease and positional nystagmus of posterior canal BPPV in the same patient is presented. Positional tests must always be considered even in the presence of spontaneous nystagmus.

The Hyperventilation Test is widely used in the "bed-side examination" of vestibular patients. It can either activate a latent nystagmus in central or peripheral vestibular diseases or it can interact with a spontaneous nystagmus, by reducing it or increasing it. Aims of this study were to determine the incidence, patterns and temporal characteristics of Hyperventilation-induced nystagmus in pa...

Differential diagnosis between peripheral and central spontaneous nystagmus can be difficult to classify (as peripheral or central) even on the basis of criteria recommended in the recent literature. The aim of this paper is to use the combination of spontaneous nystagmus and ocular tilt reaction to determine the site of origin of the disease that causes nystagmus. We propose to classify the ny...

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) involving horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC) is characterized by direction-changing positional nystagmus (DCPN) in a supine roll test, and the occurrence of spontaneous nystagmus in HSCC BPPV has been reported recently. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of pseudo-spontaneous nystagmus (PSN) in patients with HSCC canalolithi...

In recent decades there has been marked progress in the imaging and laboratory evaluation of dizzy patients. However, detailed history taking and comprehensive bedside neurotological evaluation remain crucial for a diagnosis of dizziness. Bedside neurotological evaluation should include examinations for ocular alignment, spontaneous and gaze-evoked nystagmus, the vestibulo-ocular reflex, saccad...

gmus, which were simultaneously induced not only from bitemporal but also from horizontal and vertical components of each eye separately. Following results were obtained. 1) Pathological finding in spontaneous nysta' gmus test was 54%, in ENG test was 81%, in both of spontaneous nystagmus test and ENG test was 86%, on the other hand, 65% was abnormal in caloric test. It showed that abnormal fin...

Nystagmus needs to be stimulated for healthy subjects, but in patients it can also be spontaneous. By recording spontaneous nystagmus it is possible to reveal underlying disorders of the semicircular canals of the inner ear. We developed a signal analysis technique for this purpose and tested it with 28 otoneurological patients who had disorders in their semicircular canals. Our test results su...

Abnormal projection of the optic nerves to the wrong cerebral hemisphere transforms the optokinetic system from its usual negative feedback loop to a positive feedback loop with characteristic ocular motor instabilities including directional reversal of the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and spontaneous nystagmus, which are common features of infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS). Visual input plays ...