This study investigated the association between referee efficacy and self-reported coping with external stressors among elite handball football referees. The participants were 224 Norwegian referees of (n = 111, m age 35.3 years, 13.5% females) (113, 30.8 8% who had been for an average 14.4 years (sd 7.77 years; min: 4, max: 37) a at present level 6.8 6.20 1, 32). Referee self-efficacy was meas...

Abstract Referees play a central role in every sport. Particularly at national level, referees must meet ever higher demands due to increasing professionalisation. While cognitive and conditional aspects have already been investigated intensively, personality traits of handball so far only received little attention. In addition profound understanding the game knowledge rules, however, it is pre...

The Video Assistant Referee (VAR) is a technology that changing the behavior of referees, players, managers, and fans in soccer. This scoping review mapped studies on use VAR An electronic database searching was performed November 2020 using Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web Science. Studies analyzed field referees or video assistants addressed professional soccer were eligible. Studies’ characterist...

the main aim of this study was to identify and present indicators and standards necessary for security management of sport facilities. these standards were recognized via a set of interviews and questionnaires through delphi method. the revised questionnaire of panteza et al. (2003) with 0.89 of reliability and interviews were used to collect data. the subjects were selected from purposeful sam...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the extent and characteristics of injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in elite football referees and to analyze differences between match and assistant referees. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Training camp organized by the Swiss Referees Association. PARTICIPANTS All 71 referees of the 2 top divisions of the Swiss Football League (2005-2006 season). ...

INTRODUCTION The career of all referees starts with an enrollment to a referee course, and expectedly the referees able to finish it. According to the Referees Committee and the directors of the course, the students complained that (after a successful exam at the end of the course) they are still not aware of the practical sense of this profession. On one hand it is normal that just after the f...

We examined sport expertise as a function of role. In study 1, referees were better than players in a video-based decision-making task. This provides evidence that there are role-specific skills within one domain or sport. In study 2, we examined the training activities that could be influential in the development of skills in sports officials. Elite association football (soccer) referees retro...

It has been suggested that individuals may use heuristic methods of reasoning and rely on schemata when a quick decision is necessary. Accordingly, it is possible that decisions made by sport officials may be influenced by prior knowledge they have about teams they are officiating. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sport officials are more likely to penalize individuals who ...