this study was conducted on two canola (brassica napus) cultivars, okapi a winter type and cold tolerant and rgs003 a spring type and cold sensitive. seedlings were grown in an environmentally controlled growth room with 16 h d-1 photoperiod at 22/16 °c (day/night, control). at the 4-leaf stage, half of pots were transferred to a cold growth room for 7 d at 10/3°c (day/night, cold treatment) an...

Radiant frost is a significant production constraint to wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), particularly in regions where spring-habit cereals are grown through winter, maturing in spring. However, damage to winter-habit cereals in reproductive stages is also reported. Crops are particularly susceptible to frost once awns or spikes emerge from the protection of the flag leaf...

This study was conducted on two canola (Brassica napus) cultivars, Okapi a winter type and cold tolerant and Rgs003 a spring type and cold sensitive. Seedlings were grown in an environmentally controlled growth room with 16 h d-1 photoperiod at 22/16 °C (day/night, control). At the 4-leaf stage, half of pots were transferred to a cold growth room for 7 d at 10/3°C (day/night, cold treatment) an...

The allotetraploid species Brassica napus L. is a global crop of major economic importance, providing canola oil (seed) and vegetables for human consumption and fodder and meal for livestock feed. Characterizing the genetic diversity present in the extant germplasm pool of B. napus is fundamental to better conserve, manage and utilize the genetic resources of this species. We used sequence-base...

Imidazolinone-resistant (IR) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was released for commercial production in portions of the USA in 2002 and has provided growers with a new technology to selectively control winter annual grass weeds. Imidazolinone herbicides inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS) in susceptible plants; however, IR wheat has an altered target site which confers resistance to these herbicide...

Twenty nonpregnant Angora does were used to determine seasonal effects on fleece traits, including fiber growth and follicle activity. Does grazed pastures and were supplemented with a 50% concentrate diet at a level near that required for BW maintenance. Clean fiber growth rate was greatest (p<0.05) among seasons in summer and lowest (p<0.05) in winter (1.13, 0.85, 0.98 and 1.20mg/cm(2) per da...

Growing season conditions are widely recognized as the main driver for tundra shrub radial growth, but the effects of winter warming and snow remain an open question. Here, we present a more than 100 years long Betula nana ring-width chronology from Disko Island in western Greenland that demonstrates a highly significant and positive growth response to both summer and winter air temperatures du...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful to living organisms due to the potential oxidation of membranes, DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates. Freezing injury has been shown to involve the attack of ROS. Antioxidant enzymes can protect plant cells from oxidative stress imposed by freezing injury, therefore, cold acclimation may involve an increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. In this...

Winter wheats require several weeks at low temperature to flower. This process, vernalization, is controlled mainly by the VRN1 gene. Using 6,190 gametes, we found VRN1 to be completely linked to MADS-box genes AP1 and AGLG1 in a 0.03-centimorgan interval flanked by genes Cysteine and Cytochrome B5. No additional genes were found between the last two genes in the 324-kb Triticum monococcum sequ...

Barley was introduced to North America ∼400 yr ago but adaptation to modern production environments is more recent. Comparisons of allele frequencies among growth habits and spike (inflorescence) types in North America indicate that significant genetic differentiation has accumulated in a relatively short evolutionary time span. Allele frequency differentiation is greatest among barley with two...