The rapid growth of wireless applications has increases the importance for efficient utilization of the scarce spectrum resources. Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is an emerging technology which leads to solve these problems through dynamic utilization of the unused licensed spectrum. Spectrum sensing is a key function of cognitive radio to find the spectrum holes and Collaborative or cooperative...

This is the era of Intelligent Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) technology that provides available spectrum with efficient utilization. (CR) must promise to allow interference-free access by users. The paper discusses several attacks and motives attacks. authentication mechanism role prevent for hassle-free utilization demonstrated. In this paper, resolving cognitive network security issues method...

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is witnessed to play the leading role in future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Though many works have focused on IoV improvement, there still a lack performance due insufficient spectrum availability, lower data rates, and involvement attackers. This paper considers all three issues by developing novel mmWave-assisted Cognitive Radio based (CR-IoV) mode...

BACKGROUND Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemoattractant of stem/progenitor cells, and several studies have shown that SDF-1 may improve ventricular function after infarction. SDF-1 is cleaved by proteases including matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4), which are activated in injured tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the biodistribu...

Multiple secondary users (SUs) perform collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio networks to improve the performance. However, this system severely degrades with data falsification (SSDF) attacks from a large number of malicious users, i.e., massive SSDF attacks. To mitigate such attacks, we propose joint and access framework. During sensing, each SU compares decisions CSS indepen...