A growing trend throughout the United States is an increasing willingness of cities to publicly finance professional sports stadiums. The stadiums are justified by tangible economic benefits, either citywide or specific to a targeted region through a revitalization plan. The citywide economic impact arising from a new professional sports stadium, when analyzed empirically, has been consistently...

-1. Tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta, were reared on either tobacco leaves or synthetic diet. 2. Glucose and trehalose levels in the hemolymph were significantly lower in leaf-reared larvae. 3. Levels of trehalose were higher in the earlier part of each stadium. 4. Fourth stadium levels of trehalose were generally greater than fifth stadium levels. 5. Trehalose, but not glucose, levels were low...

We consider the dynamical properties of one kind of cyclically ordered orbits of the stadium billiard. We prove that the stadium billiard possesses infinitely many such orbits, that they are hyperbolic, and that their stable and unstable manifolds intersect transversely. Hence the stadium billiard contains a Smale horseshoe. We construct symbolic dynamics for these orbits and consider their sen...

The number of stadia during post-embryonic development is supposed to be fixed in most species of the millipede order Polydesmida. For the first time since 1928, additional moults were observed in two males of Polydesmus angustus Latzel, 1884 reared in the laboratory. These 'elongatus' males sensu Verhoeff reached stadium IX instead of stadium VIII, with addition of a further podous ring (32 pa...

In an era of unprecedented profitability, expansion, and popularity of American professional sports leagues, it seems outrageous that cities and municipalities across the United States would continue to subsidize the funding of new stadiums for wealthy sports franchises. Yet despite the economic obstacles facing many of these cities and municipalities, the gratuitous public funding of stadiums ...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the status of risk management in iran football stadiums. the research method was descriptive and survey. the statistical population included all football stadium managers and the sample consisted of the managers of those stadiums in which football premier leagues were held (n=50). two questionnaires were used to collect the data: risk management ques...

Natural ventilation is a commonly applied way in building engineering to ensure a healthy and comfortable indoor climate. In this paper CFD simulations of the natural ventilation of a large semi-enclosed stadium in the Netherlands are described. Simulations are performed to assess the air exchange rate for a total of eight wind directions. The CFD model consists of both the complex stadium geom...

the purpose of this study was to examine various factors influencing spectators' attendance in professional soccer games in tehran. this research was a descriptive survey. the questionnaire used in this study was developed by green (1995), hansen and gauthier (1989), kaskey (1999), schofield (1983) and zhang et al. (1995) in order to examine factors affecting spectators' attendance in...

INTRODUCTION Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most frequent cholangiocarcinoma and poses difficulties in preoperative evaluation. For its therapy, often major hepatic resections as well as resection and reconstruction of the hepatic artery or the portal vein are necessary. In the last decades, great advances were made in both the surgical procedures and the perioperative anesthetic managemen...

We conducted laboratory experiments to examine the effects of single versus double exposures of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) female larvae to various concentrations of a Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki (Btk) commercial formulation (Foray 48B). Our main objective was to document the vulnerability to Btk and the sublethal responses of fifth-instar la...