BACKGROUND A better understanding of the relationship between stand structure and productivity is required for the development of: a) scalable models that can accurately predict growth and yield dynamics for the world's forests; and b) stand management regimes that maximize wood and/or timber yield, while maintaining structural and species diversity. METHODS We develop a cohort-based canopy c...

This study was performed to estimate stand-level volume using the characteristics of vertical and horizontal distribution of airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data. It is found that the height distributional parameters, such as percentile, of LiDAR data reflected onand in-canopy in a stand have the relationship with stand volume in previous research. However, we assumed that the nonp...

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata [Lamb.] Hook) is one of the most important plantation tree species in China with good timber quality and fast growth. It covers an area of 8.54 million hectare, which corresponds to 21% of the total plantation area and 32% of total plantation volume in China. With the increasing market demand, an accurate estimation and prediction of merchantable volume at t...

Digital aerial photogrammetry has recently attracted great attention in forest inventory studies, particularly in countries where airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology is not available. Further research, however, is required to prove its practical applicability in deriving three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and canopy surface and height models (CSMs and CHMs, respectively) over different fo...

This study investigated the potential of fusing low laser-sampling density LiDAR data with QuickBird panchromatic imagery for estimating stand volumes. The study area was in closed-canopy, mountainous Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations in Japan. Stand volume in the area ranged from 250.5 to 913.1 m/ha and terrain was undulating with an elevation ranging from 135 to 391 m above se...

To determine relationships between stand volume and site factors in the absence of information about stand age and density, a classification pattern was established using a clustering analysis algorithm and applied to China fir in Fujian Province. The results showed that slope position, elevation, elevation and humus depth were important factors affecting the stand volumes of young/immature for...

BackgroundBronchoscopic valve placement constitutes an effective endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) therapy in patients with severe emphysema and low collateral ventilation. After the most destroyed lobe is occluded valves, significant target leads to improvements function, exercise capacity, quality of life. The effects are not consistent some patients, leading long-term failure. We hypot...

hyrcanian forests are the most valuable forests in the north of iran and industrial harvesting occurs only in this area. it is a productive region near the southern coast of caspian sea. in these forests mixed beech stands mostly shown uneven-aged structure that is managed under selection system. in order to determine the priority of uneven aged method not only from an ecological view, but also...

The purpose of this research was to determine how fluid volume changes in the residual limbs of people with transtibial amputation were affected by activity during test sessions with equal durations of resting, standing, and walking. Residual limb extracellular fluid volume was measured using biompedance analysis in 24 participants. Results showed that all subjects lost fluid volume during stan...