Ensemble and reduced-rank approaches to prediction and assimilation rely on low-dimensional approximations of the estimation error covariances. Here stability properties of the forecast/ analysis cycle for linear, time-independent systems are used to identify factors that cause the steady-state analysis error covariance to admit a low-dimensional representation. A useful measure of forecast/ana...

Gas hydrates attracted worldwide attention due to their potential as huge energy resource in the recent decades. Effective parameters which influence the formation of hydrates are high pressure, low temperature and water presence. HYSYS software is one of the major simulators which are widely used in the chemical and thermodynamic processes. This research was conducted to simulate gas hydrate f...

We derive error estimates in the appropriate norms, for the streamlinediffusion (SD) finite element methods for steady state, energy dependent,Fermi equation in three space dimensions. These estimates yield optimal convergencerates due to the maximal available regularity of the exact solution.High order SD method together with implicit integration are used. The formulationis strongly consistent...

A set of pragmatic experimental investigations were initially undertaken using three straight flues attached to glass doored solid fuel appliances. Each system was built to satisfy existing regulatory requirements and instrumented with type K thermocouples at fixed locations within each flue. The fire gas temperatures were analysed for periods of steady state operation. It was concluded that ex...

This paper draws attention to the risk of rounding error in the numerical evaluation of steady-state probabilities for the M/M family of queues. A method for avoiding the risk is presented which is easy to program for calculation in practice.

This paper draws attention to the risk of rounding error in the numerical evaluation of steady-state probabilities for the M/M family of queues. A method for avoiding the risk is presented which is easy to program for calculation in practice.

The deadline failure probability as a function of the number of slots in a frame and the packet error probability (P e) for network B in the steady state. The deadline period is assumed to be 4 frames.

A stochastic version of the SIR model is investigated in this paper. The stability in probability of the steady state of the system is proved under suitable conditions on the white noise perturbations. Linearizations of the systems both with and without delay are given and their exponentially mean square stabilities are studied.

Background: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the most commonly used system for restoring functions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: In this study we investigated feedback PID and feedforward-feedback P-PID controllers for regulating the elbow joint angle. Methods: The controllers were tuned based on a nonlinear muculoskeletal model containing two links, one joint with one de...

We report two experiments in which vowels and steady-state consonants served as targets in a speeded detection task. In the first experiment, two vowels were compared with one voiced and once unvoiced fricative. Response times (RTs) to the vowels were longer than to the fricatives. The error rate was higher for the consonants. Consonants in word-final position produced (he shortest RTs. For the...