Fumigants differ from other types of insecticides in that the fumes must be confined so that the insect is exposed to a considerable concentration for some time. The length of exposure and the strength of the concentration are interrelated—the higher the concentration, the shorter the lethal exposure; the lower the concentration, the longer the exposure. Fumigants therefore are not well adapted...

One of the effective steps in use of water resources is accurate estimation of plants water requirement. Lack of accurate estimation of this amount leads to water loss and failure to achieve optimum yield, reduced potential of production, soil resources degradation by too much irrigation or lack of enough leaching and salinization of soils by irrigation less than necessary level, which would ul...