OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the vocal tract and glottal function during and after phonation into a tube and a stirring straw. METHODS A male classically trained singer was assessed. Computerized tomography (CT) was performed when the subject produced [a:] at comfortable speaking pitch, phonated into the resonance tube and when repeating [a:] after the exercise. Similar pr...

Residues from cereal grain production are important feedstuffs for ruminants throughout the world. They are, however, low in protein and high in fiber, which limit feed intake and digestibility. The nutritive value of cereal crop residues can be improved by various processing methods, such as treatment with alkalis like sodium hydroxide or ammonia. Another means of improving nutritive value of ...

BACKGROUND Rice straw has considerable potential as a raw material for bioethanol production. Popping pretreatment of rice straw prior to downstream enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation was found to increase cellulose to glucose conversion efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of popping pretreatment and determine the optimal enzyme loading using a surface response...

The aims of the current work are in large part the benefit of rice straw to be used as adsorbent material and natural source of fiber in Fino bread. The rice straw was subjected to high temperature for modification process and the chemical composition was carried out and the native rice straw contained about 41.15% cellulose, 20.46% hemicellulose, and 3.91% lignin while modified rice straw has ...

Pretreatment of straw separated from cattle and horse manure using Nmethylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) was investigated. The pretreatment conditions were for 5 h and 15 h at 120 °C, and the effects were evaluated by batch digestion assays. Untreated cattle and horse manure, both mixed with straw, resulted in 0.250 and 0.279 Nm CH4/kgVS (volatile solids), respectively. Pretreatment with NMMO improved...

Differences in the composition of a bacterial community engaged in decomposing wheat straw in a fluvo-aquic soil at 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C were identified using barcode pyrosequencing. Functional carbon groups in the decomposing wheat straw were evaluated by (13)C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were more abundant, whereas Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes w...

We investigated the feasibility of anaerobic codigestion of sewage sludge and rice straw. Laboratory-scale mesophilic and thermophilic digesters were operated with hydraulic retention times of 20 and 15 days, respectively. The feeding ratio of sewage sludge and rice straw was 1:0.5 based on the total solids (TS). Before digestion, the rice straw was ground to ca. 5 mm in length (grinding pretre...

Bovine ruminal contents and blood were ensiled with wheat straw, either untreated or treated with 4% NaOH (DM basis), with and without addition of 5% dry molasses. Proportions of ruminal contents, blood, and straw were 45:15:40, wet basis, respectively. Wheat straw also was ensiled alone, and water was added to attain 43% DM. After 60 d, all silages had a desirable aroma. The pH of the ensiled ...

rams fed, during 3 successive periods, the following 3 isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets. I: control straw + 150 g of grain corn and 135 g of soya cake per kg of straw; 11: NaOH-treated straw + 155 g of soya cake per kg of straw; III: urea-treated straw + 70 g of soya cake per kg of straw; with 20 g of 9/15 CM daily and water ad libitum. After a 20 d adaptation period during which the animals ...

The effect of post-thaw incubation (0 vs. 5h at 15°C) and straw size (5 vs. 0.5ml) on motility, acrosomal integrity and in vitro fertilizing (IVF) capacity of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa was studied. In samples assessed immediately after thawing, no differences were found between the two straw sizes. After 5h post-thaw incubation, all parameters, except polyspermy, decreased and, spermatozoa...