The operation of digital circuits from power supply voltage of the order of 200mv or less imposes that, in general MOSFETs biased in the sub threshold regime, characterized by the exponential relation between the control voltages and the current. In this paper we analyze some of the basic building blocks of digital circuits operating in the sub threshold region. We analyze the basic CMOS invert...

The scaling down of technology in CMOS circuits, results in the down scaling of threshold voltage thereby increasing the sub-threshold leakage current. LECTOR is a technique for designing CMOS circuits in order to reduce the leakage current without affecting the dynamic power dissipation, which made LECTOR a better technique in leakage power reduction when compared to all other existing leakage...

In this paper a comparison of static and dynamic parameters of CMOS logic circuits operated in standard and sub-threshold regimes is presented. Analytic models of logic threshold voltage, logic delay and power consumption are derived for the sub-threshold operation regime. Certain analytic models analogies between these two regimes are shown. Threshold voltages of inverter, NAND and NOR logic c...

Scaling of process technologies to smaller dimensions has become a given in the solid-state circuits industry. Recently, process scaling has produced a number of engineering obstacles. Most notably, both active and leakage power of processors are increasing exponentially with technology scaling. For emerging low power applications such as distributed micro-sensor networks or medical application...

With CMOS technology being scaled to ever smaller dimensions to achieve higher performance and integration levels, power dissipation has become a major concern in modern VLSI designs. Sub-threshold circuits have gained a lot of importance due to ultra low-power consumption. The paper reviews the sub-threshold circuit design. Various body-biasing schemes and logic families for performance enhanc...

Dynamic logic circuits are used for high performance and high speed applications. Wide OR gates are used in Dynamic RAMs, Static RAMs, high speed processors and other high speed circuits. In spite of their high performance, dynamic logic circuit has high noise and extensive leakage which has caused problems for the circuits. To overcome these problems Domino logic circuits are used which reduce...

Extremely low voltage operation near or below threshold voltage is a key circuit technology to improve the energy efficiency of information systems and to realize ultra-low power sensor nodes. However, it is difficult to operate conventional analog circuits based on amplifier at low voltage. Furthermore, PVT (Process, Voltage and Temperature) variation and random Vth variation degrade the minim...

In 2002 Jackson et al. [JKS02] asked whether AC circuits augmented with a threshold gate at the output can be efficiently learned from uniform random examples. We answer this question affirmatively by showing that such circuits have fairly strong Fourier concentration; hence the low-degree algorithm of Linial, Mansour and Nisan [LMN93] learns such circuits in sub-exponential time. Under a conje...