BACKGROUND An association between male subfertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer has been proposed, but conflicting results of research on this topic have rendered this theory equivocal. To more precisely assess the association between subfertility and the risk of testicular cancer, we performed a systematic review of international epidemiologic evidence. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We s...

BACKGROUND Subfertility shares common pathways with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including polycystic ovarian syndrome, obesity and thyroid disorders. Women with prior 0-1 pregnancies are at an increased risk of incident CVD when compared with women with two pregnancies. It is uncertain whether history of subfertility among women eventually giving birth is a risk factor for CVD. METHODS Amon...

Trends in multiple birth rates are thought to have been substantially affected by subfertility treatments in the last 25 years, but there are few quantitative assessments of this. This paper examines trends in twin and higher multiple birth rates separately in Scotland, England and Wales and compares their course with corresponding multiple birth rates in the Oxford Record Linkage Study area, w...

Research on cognitive and behavioural development of children born after assisted conception is inconsistent. This prospective study aimed to explore underlying causal relationships between ovarian stimulation, in-vitro procedures, subfertility components and child cognition and behaviour. Participants were singletons born to subfertile couples after ovarian stimulation IVF (n = 63), modified n...

BACKGROUND Previous research has documented an increased risk of subfertility in areas of sub-Saharan Africa, as well as an ecological association between urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence and decreased fertility. This pilot project examined reproductive patterns and the potential effects of childhood urogenital Schistosoma haematobium infection and individual treatment experience on adult ...

Subfertility is defined as a failure to conceive after one year of unprotected regular sexual intercourse. A prospective study was conducted to identity the role of ultrasonography in assessing the cause of male subfertility in a Sri Lankan population. The objective of the study was to identify the role of ultrasonography in assessing the cause of male subfertility in a Sri Lankan population. T...

Subfertility is a disease of the reproductive system and defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse [1]. Subfertility is a distressing condition for couples who are trying to achieve pregnancy and childbirth. Approximately 15% of couples are affected with subfertility, of which up to 20% remain unexplained. Female factors are identified in abou...

BACKGROUND Asymptomatic female genital tuberculosis can impair tubal and endometrial function and later present as subfertility. A majority of the patients with genital tuberculosis in endemic regions present with subfertility and the delay in presentation, coupled with the potential the disease has in mimicking other gynecological conditions, renders it elusive. In addition to the challenge of...

Mullerian agenesis with primary amenorrhea is a rare condition and uncommonly presented as subfertility. It complex defect in the female genital tract’s embryological development. We present case report of 34-year-old woman initially for subfertility management, systematic clinical approach such history, examination investigations (diagnostic laparoscopy) diagnosed normal development other syst...

BACKGROUND About 30-40% of patients do not receive care based on available scientific evidence. For subfertility, this may imply unnecessary and expensive diagnostic tests and treatments. It is therefore important to identify gaps in performance by monitoring current subfertility care. A set of 39 guideline-based performance indicators was previously developed for this purpose. This study aimed...