Purpose: To investigated the effects of pupil dilation on subjective refraction by using ground glass lens. Methods: Forty-two subjects (22.1 ± 1.2 years) participated in the study. We measured the change in pupil diameter during binocular and monocular vision (using an occluder and a ground glass lens). And we conducted subjective refraction test using an occluder and a ground glass lens. Pair...

PURPOSE To introduce a novel autorefractor design that is intended to be manufacturable at low cost and evaluate its performance in measuring refractive errors. METHODS We developed a handheld, open-view autorefractor (the "QuickSee" [QS]) that uses a simplified approach to wavefront sensing that forgoes moving parts and expensive components. Adult subjects (n = 41) were recruited to undergo ...

To compare subjective refraction under binocular and monocular conditions, and to investigate the clinical factors affecting the difference in spherical refraction between the two conditions. We examined thirty eyes of 30 healthy subjects. Binocular and monocular refraction without cycloplegia was measured through circular polarizing lenses in both eyes, using the Landolt-C chart of the 3D visu...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the accuracy of an open-field autorefractor compared with subjective refraction in pseudophakes and hence its ability to assess objective eye focus with intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS Objective refraction was measured at 6 m using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractor (five repeats) and by subjective refraction on 141 eyes impl...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of noncycloplegic refraction compared with cycloplegic refraction in diagnosing refractive error in primary school children in southern Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a cross-sectional study. One hundred twenty children aged from 6-13 years who had visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in at least one eye were included. All the children underwent autorefrac...

PURPOSE To determine the precision (repeatability) of several methods of calculating refraction from higher-order wavefront aberration data and to compare these wavefront refractions with lower-order (LO) wavefront refraction, subjective refraction, and autorefraction. METHODS Four clinicians refracted 16 normal participants aged 23.6 +/- 1.2 years, 69% female with an average spherical equiva...

PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of autorefraction using three autorefractors comparing to subjective refraction in diagnosing refractive error in children. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS setting: Community based study. study population: 117 children sampled from primary schools. procedures: All subjects underwent autorefraction using three auto refractors and subjective refraction...