In this section we consider the distribution of the subjunctive and the indicative moods in English complement clauses and argue that the observed patterns can mostly be explained on semantic grounds. Traditional grammarians have long noticed that the opposition between the indicative and the subjunctive mood is semantic, each grammatical form being suitable in a coherent class of contexts. For...

It is commonly thought that agents lack the standing to blame in cases where their would be hypocritical. Jack for instance, seem Gerald being rude local barista if he has himself been baristas past. Recently, it suggested need not even have displayed any such rudeness order his qualify as hypocritical; suffice too barista, were Gerald’s situation. The latter an instance of subjunctive hypocrit...

BACKGROUND We report the results of two experiments that examine the mental representations underlying the comprehension and reasoning stages of negative exceptive conditionals requiring the subjunctive ('B a menos que A' and 'B a no ser que A' = 'B unless A') and the indicative mood ('B excepto si A' and 'B salvo si A' = 'B except if A'). METHOD A truth table task was employed to infer the m...

In addition to the expression of positive and negative sentiments in the reviews, customers often tend to express wishes and suggestions regarding improvements in a product/service, which could be worth extracting. Subjunctive mood is often present in sentences which speak about a possibility or action that has not yet occurred. While this phenomena poses challenges to the identification of pos...

We consider lower probabilities on finite possibility spaces as models for the uncertainty about the state. These generalizations of classical probabilities can have some interesting properties; for example: k-monotonicity, avoiding sure loss, coherence, permutation invariance. The sets formed by all the lower probabilities satisfying zero or more of these properties are convex. We show how the...

One of the main problems that affects the quality of machine translation is how to express the knowledge of language in precision. Subjunctive mood is a very common language phenomenon in English. From the perspective of E-C machine translation, and based on the theory of Semantic Element (SE) in Unified Linguistics, the paper discusses the specific formalization methods for each type of the En...

We present an approach to the semantics of subjunctive conditionals based on the situation semantics notion of a constraint, in which the connection between antecedent A and consequent B of a conditional ‘if A were the case, B would be’ is an informational relation between types of situations. We also argue that the information contained in a hierarchy of planning schemas as commonly used in Ar...

Controversy about dispositions ranges over the following four domains: (i) the semantics of disposition ascriptions; (ii) the distinction between dispositional and categorical properties; (iii) the metaphysical status of dispositions, i.e. their fundamentality, naturalness and intrinsicness; and (iv) the various dispositional analyses of philosophical notions like causation, laws, modality, cou...