The aim of this study was to characterize the ultrastructural effects caused by β-lactam antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Three K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were selected for the study with resistance profiles for third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, and/or imipenem and with different resistance genes for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) or Klebsiella pneumoniae car...

In analyses of minimum wages, positive “ripple effects” and subminimum wages are difficult to distinguish from measurement error. Indeed, prior work posits that a simple, symmetric error process may underlie both phenomena in Current Population Survey data for the full working age population. We show population-wide symmetry between spillovers wage payment is illusory accrue older individuals w...

Fidaxomicin (FDX) is a novel antimicrobial agent with narrow-spectrum and potent bactericidal activity against Clostridium difficile. In recent clinical trials, FDX was superior to vancomycin in preventing recurrences of C. difficile infection. A possible mechanism of reducing recurrence may be through an inhibitory effect on sporulation. The effect of FDX and its major metabolite, OP-1118, on ...

Burgeoning antibiotic resistance and unfavorable outcomes of inflammatory injury after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection have necessitated the development of novel agents that not only target quorum sensing (QS) but also combat inflammatory injury with the least risk of resistance. This study aimed to assess the anti-QS and anti-inflammatory activities of baicalein, a traditional herbal medicine...

A continuous-culture system was developed to study changes in the structure of Staphylococcus epidermidis populations exposed to subminimum inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin. Continuous-culture experiments were carried out in a dextrose-free, tryptic soy broth medium supplemented with lactic acid and sodium lactate (MTSB-D). The multiresistant (penicillin-, tetracycline-, and erythromyc...

background and aim: in recent years, due to the indiscriminate and irrational use of synthetic drugs, the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms has increased; therefore, new compounds are vitally needed. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of berberis vulgaris on escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter frund...

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are defined as the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation, and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) as the lowest concentration of antimicrobial that will prevent the growth of an organism after subculture on to antibiotic-free media. MICs are used by diagnostic la...