Bus fleet data have consistently shown that vehicle operating and maintenance costs increase as vehicles age. A fleet manager has to deal with the tradeoff between the lower operating and maintenance costs of newer fleets and their higher initial capital costs as well as the tradeoff between conventional and fuel efficient bus technologies. This study formulates and implements a fleet replaceme...

An individual should be indifferent between a rebate subsidy of rate sr and a matching subsidy of rate sm = sr/(1 sr), and the total amount received by the charity should be the same regardless of subsidy type. Recent laboratory and field experiments contradict these straightforward predictions of standard economic theory: subjects consistently make decisions that result in larger amounts going...

nowadays energy has significant role in socio economic development of counties; any decision on energy sector may affect the broad area in societies. system approach in energy modeling as an efficient method is known by many researchers in management and planning in a country particularly in energy sector. also system dynamics is one of the efficient methods, for reason unique ability at solvin...

energy is considered as an important input for agricultural products. a decrease in energy subsidy and its demand reduces agricultural outputs and raises the production costs. changes in production and costs may significantly affect welfare of the agricultural producers. the main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of increased energy prices (reduction in the subsidy) on the agric...

among the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. this article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most strategic products, namely maize, in iran. to achieve this goal, panel data for the nine provinces of iran's major producers of ma...

This paper proposes a real options model for evaluating the biomass power generation investment in China. The uncertainties in the market price of electricity, CO2 price and straw price are considered. Meanwhile the dynamic relationship between installed capacity and fuel cost, as well as the long-term reduction of subsidy are described. Two scenarios, i.e., with the carbon emission trading sch...

A feed-in tariff system and a subsidy are often used to make households install photovoltaic (PV) systems for solar power generation. They both influence the economics of a household in deciding whether to install or not. The purpose of this study is to obtain information on how a PV-power price and a subsidy should be set to promote adoption of PV systems effectively and efficiently. The model...

We use lab experiments to study policies that address common pool resource overuse. We look at a price mechanism, specifically a Pigouvian subsidy, and four non-price interventions. The non-price policies are information alone, information with a normative message, communication alone, and normative messages with communication allowed. In all experiment sessions, no intervention occurs in the f...

Abstract: The agriculture industry plays a critical role in the U.S. economy and various industry sectors depend on the output of farms. A salient challenge in farming is uncertainty in the farm yield, which depends on the weather conditions (and other unpredictable factors) during the growing season and impacts farmers' profit. To protect and raise farmers' income, the U.S. government offers t...

A model which explains national-level house price appreciation through utility maximization by rational voters is developed and tested using a global sample of 40 democracies, in order to explain why some countries experienced house price bubbles in the past decade and others did not. In the model, a subsidy funded by a tax on all citizens can be provided to home buyers. The subsidy leads to an...