Six subspecies are currently recognized in Salmonella enterica. Subspecies I (subspecies enterica) is responsible for nearly all infections in humans and warm-blooded animals, while five other subspecies are isolated principally from coldblooded animals. We sequenced 21 phylogenetically diverse strains, including two representatives from each of the previously unsequenced five subspecies and 11...

The distribution of Gazella bennetti in Iran is reviewed. The species is commonly said to be confined to the southeastern part of the country, but is actually widespread over suitable areas, east of the Zagros Range and south of the Alborz. In the north and west of this range, there is a hitherto undescribed subspecies, which is named and diagnosed for the first time in this paper; its similari...

Theory predicts that biogeographic factors should play a central role in promoting population divergence and speciation. Previous empirical studies into biogeography and diversification have been relatively restricted in terms of the geographical area, phylogenetic scope, and the range of biogeographic factors considered. Here we present a global analysis of allopatric phenotypic divergence (me...

Over a 10-year period, 173 isolates of Salmonella were obtained during routine isolation from reptiles. Of the 173 isolates, 92 different Salmonella serovars were identified. Of them, 61 (66%) belonged to subspecies I, nine to subspecies II and 21 to subspecies III (IIIa and IIIb), and one to subspecies IV. The majority of isolates were from farmed Nile crocodiles (145), three from wild-caught ...

The low density lipoproteins (LDL) of human plasma consist of a series of discrete particle subspecies of distinct physicochemical, immunological, and hydrodynamic properties. Such structural differences are intimately linked to the metabolic heterogeneity of circulating LDL in vivo. The current studies were designed to evaluate and compare the interaction of discrete LDL subspecies from normol...

Abstract Background: Stphylococcus cohnii is an organism of coagulase negative species which is considered as normal flora. However, it has been isolated from urinary tract infections and surgical prostheses but its relation with staghorn stones has not been reported, yet. Case Presentation: A 50-years-old woman presented with left renal staghorn stone in June 2014. She had bilateral staghorn...

Subspecies are often used in ways that require their evolutionary independence, for example as proxies for units of conservation. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data reveal that 97% of continentally distributed avian subspecies lack the population genetic structure indicative of a distinct evolutionary unit. Subspecies considered threatened or endangered, some of which have been targets of expensiv...

abstract background: stphylococcus cohnii is an organism of coagulase negative species which is considered as normal flora. however, it has been isolated from urinary tract infections and surgical prostheses but its relation with staghorn stones has not been reported, yet. case presentation: a 50-years-old woman presented with left renal staghorn stone in june 2014. she had bilateral staghorn s...

Patterns of evolution are believed to vary latitudinally, but our understanding of this variation remains limited. Here we examine how patterns of subspecific diversification vary within species of birds, specifically addressing three questions: (1) Are subspecies more numerous at lower latitudes within species, consistent with greater phenotypic differentiation at lower latitudes? (2) If there...