In his commentary, David Galin raises several important issues that deserve to be addressed. In this response, I do three things. First, I briefly discuss the relation between the present work and the metaphoric theories of thought developed by cognitive lin- guists such as Lakoff and Johnson (1998). Second, I address some of the confusions that seem to have arisen about my use of the terms "su...

Capacity legislation aims to protect individual autonomy and avoid undue paternalism as far as possible, partly through ensuring patients are not deemed to lack capacity because they make an unwise decision. To this end, the law employs a procedural test of capacity that excludes substantive judgments about patients' decisions. However, clinical intuitions about patients' capacity to make decis...

plaintiff in civil litigation from the beginning which deals with petition to theend of litigation which the judge sets out a verdict, to reach his wasted or deniedright and to stabilize it, should comply with rules of proceeding and state matter offact and matters of law and prove the claim. therefor he must propose four issuesand prove them to reach the relief sought: 1.formal rules of proced...

this study examined the substantive and predictive validity facets of the university entrance examination for english major (ueeem) students. to that aim, 111 english major students were recruited to report their scores on each of the subtests of the test as well as their grade point average. sequential multiple regressions and factor analysis were used in the analysis of the data. results ackn...

WHAT role do a person’s opportunities to choose play in the justification of social arrangements? We need to answer this question in order to arrive at a theory of substantive responsibility, which tells us the way in which a person’s claims on others, others’ claims on her, and the quality of her situation should depend on the opportunities she has and the choices she makes. To get a handle on...

This commentary discusses the Bauer and Curran (2002) investigation of growth mixture modeling. Single-class modeling of non-normal outcomes is compared to modeling with multiple latent trajectory classes. New statistical tests of multiple-class models are discussed. Principles for substantive investigation of growth mixture model results are presented and illustrated by an example of high scho...