The subventricular zone (SVZ) continuously supplies new interneurons that incorporate into pre-existing olfactory bulb circuitry. Khodosevich et al. (2013) show that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates a multicellular signaling cascade determining the number of postnatally born inhibitory interneurons in odor-activated glomeruli.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate tissue injury during acute stroke. Clinical data show that elevated MMPs in plasma of stroke patients may correlate with outcomes, suggesting its use as a biomarker. MMP-9 signal has also been detected in clinical stroke brain tissue samples. Because tissue plasminogen activator can upregulate MMPs via lipoprotein receptor signaling, these neurovascular ...

The subventricular zone of many adult non-human mammals generates large numbers of new neurons destined for the olfactory bulb. Along the walls of the lateral ventricles, immature neuronal progeny migrate in tangentially oriented chains that coalesce into a rostralmigratory stream (RMS) connecting the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb. The adult human subventricular zone, in contrast, c...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite extensive investigations over the past few decades, no effective therapies exist to improve the brain function in patients with TBI. Neural tissue engineering is an attractive therapeutic approach to restore the brain structure and function of damaged tissue. Bioactive motif of Stromal cell-deri...

The subventricular zone of the adult primate brain contains neural stem cells that can produce new neurons. Endogenous neurogenesis might therefore be used to replace lost neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. This would require, however, a precise understanding of the molecular regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo. Several regulatory factors, including dopamine, h...

Electroactive materials have been investigated as next-generation neuronal tissue engineering scaffolds to enhance neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury. Graphene, an emerging neuronal scaffold material with charge transfer properties, has shown promising results for neuronal cell survival and differentiation in vitro. In this in vivo work, electrospun microfiber scaf...

Neurogenesis is the combined processes of division, migration and differentiation neural stem cells (NSCs). The two different locations: subventricular zone (SVZ) lateral ventricle subgranular (SGZ) in hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG), provide a niche environment for neurogenesis. Neurotrophic factors have roles on migration, proliferation NSC progenitor cells. Studies shown that NSCs regulator...

Scaffolds with aligned channels based on acrylate copolymers, which had previously demonstrated good compatibility with neural progenitor cells were studied as colonizable structures both in vitro with neural progenitor cells and in vivo, implanted without cells in two different locations, in the cortical plate of adult rat brains and close to the subventricular zone. In vitro, neuroprogenitors...

We have developed a rat brain organotypic culture model, in which tissue slices contain cortex-subventricular zone-striatum regions, to model neuroblast activity in response to in vitro ischemia. Neuroblast activation has been described in terms of two main parameters, proliferation and migration from the subventricular zone into the injured cortex. We observed distinct phases of neuroblast act...

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage has been used clinically for many years, but its effectiveness remains controversial. In addition, the mechanism of this potential neuroprotective effect remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of n...