BACKGROUND Obesity is an epidemic in the United States. Two-thirds of the population is overweight and does not get enough exercise. Eastern cities are full of escalators that transport obese Americans to and from the subway. Walking stairs is a moderate activity requiring 3-6 metabolic equivalent tasks (METS) and burning 3.5-7 kcal/min. We determined the caloric expenditure and potential weigh...

To every d-dimensional polytope P with centrally symmetric facets one can assign a “subway map” such that every line of this “subway” contains exactly the facets parallel to one of the ridges of P . The belt diameter of P is the maximum number of subway lines one needs to use to get from one facet to another. We prove that the belt diameter of a d-dimensional space-filling zonotope does not exc...

To obtain the velocity and temperature field of subway station and the optimized ventilation mode of subway side-platform station, this paper takes the evaluation and optimization of the ventilation for subway side-platform station as main line, builds three dimensional models of original and optimization design of the existed and rebuilt station. And using the two-equation turbulence model as ...

Service capability and matching degree of transfer facilities are directly related to the operational efficiency and safety of a subway station. Owing to differences in planning and construction, the transfer subway stations in developing countries have some defects in facility size and serviceability, which cause a decline in service performance, operation efficiency, and security level. In or...

A transit ridership study is an essential part of sustainability, and can provide a deep understanding of people’s travel patterns for efficient transportation development and urbanization. However, there is a lack of empirical studies comparing subway and taxi services, and their interactions within a city, that is to say, the interdependent transportation networks. Incorporating new data, thi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although mass transit systems are convenient and efficient for urban people, little attention has been paid to the potential hearing hazard from their noise. The purpose of the current study was to measure and analyze levels of subway interior noise at peak commuter times and to provide information about commuters' daily dose of noise exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS ...

BACKGROUND With an increasing proportion of the population living in cities, mass transportation has been rapidly expanding to facilitate the demand, yet there is a concern that mass transit has the potential to result in excessive exposure to noise, and subsequently noise-induced hearing loss. METHODS Noise dosimetry was used to measure time-integrated noise levels in a representative sample...

The regulation of the subway line traffic is a domain where human controllers must deal with a huge quantity of knowledge pieces more or less implicit in the regulation itself. When an incident occurs on a subway line, the operator--the controller who has currently the responsibility of the subway line--must choose the best strategy to apply for moving from the incidental context to the operati...

Environmental particle exposure, often estimated as the particulate mass of particles with a diameter <10 microm, <2.5 microm or <1 microm (PM(10), PM(2.5) or PM(1)), is known to have a negative impact on the health of the population. Little is known about how the size and origin of particles influence the effects. We have previously shown that exposure to a road tunnel environment causes a cel...

According to the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA), 140 Billion CAD is required to maintain, rehabilitate, and replace subway infrastructure between 2010 and 2014. The current practice adopted by transit authorities for prioritizing subway stations for rehabilitation is based on the station structural needs. While this classification is reflective of station condition, other factors, su...