We have used 4752 days of data collected by the Birmingham SolarOscillations Network (BiSON) to determine very precise oscillation frequencies of acoustic low-degree modes that probe the solar core. We compare the fine (small frequency) spacings and frequency separation ratios formed from these data with those of different solar models. We find that models constructed with low metallicity are i...

Most researchers defend cocoa agroforests as a model, which guarantees sustainable cocoa production while protecting biodiversity. However, in most countries, farmers' strategies favour "full sun" cocoa farms, close to the concept of monoculture. Why this apparent paradox? Field surveys were conducted in 2005 and 2008 with 180 migrant and autochthon farmers in four districts of Ghana, including...

Institutional entrepreneurship implicit in a firm's sponsorship of its technology as a common standard is beset by several challenges. These challenges arise from a standard's property to enable and constrain even as potential competitors agree to cooperate on its creation. Our exploration of Sun Microsystems's sponsorship of its Java technology suggests that standards-in-the-making generate se...

Junjie Yang, Bingbing Sun, He Huang, Yu Jiang, Liuyang Diao, Biao Chen, 8 Chongmao Xu, Xin Wang, Jinle Liu, Weihong Jiang, Sheng Yang 9 10 1 Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai 11 Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China 12 2 Shanghai Research Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai 201201 ,...

1. BfR recommends using combinations of UV filters and ingredients in the formulations of cosmetic products in a manner that enables to keep the amount of individual filters and also the sum of the filters used for the protection aimed as low as possible. The permitted maximum concentrations for the individual UV filters must not be exceeded. Furthermore, UV filters added should contribute cons...

We present new results on the structure of the solar core, obtained with new sets of frequencies of solar low-degree p modes obtained from the BiSON network. We find that different methods used in extracting the different sets of frequencies cause shifts in frequencies, but the shifts are not large enough to affect solar structure results. We find that the BiSON frequencies show that the solar ...

objective to determine and compare the spf (sun protection factor) and moisturizing effects of the liposomal and conventional lotion formulations containing octyl methoxycinnamte (omc) as a sunscreen by in vivo methods. materials and methods the multilamellar liposomes (mlvs) containing omc were prepared by fusion method and o/w emulsion was prepared as fda standard sunscreen method. the spfs o...

Author details State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China. Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China. Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China. Radiotherapy Department, A...

DA-YONG JIANG, RYOSUKE MOTANI, WEI-CHENG HAO, OLIVIER RIEPPEL, YUAN-LIN SUN, LARS SCHMITZ, and ZUO-YU SUN Department of Geology and Geological Museum, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, [email protected]; Department of Geology, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8605, U.S.A; Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A., rieppel@fieldm...

UVA protection afforded by 6 different sunscreens with a sun protection factor of 21 or more was compared by means of the persistent pigmentation darkening method. Colorimetric and visual assessment showed significant differences in UV radiation-induced pigmentation at 2 hours. The labeled sun protection factor of the tested sunscreens was not predictive of UVA protection level.