The reaction of purified bovine mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and hydrogen peroxide was studied using the ESR spin-trapping technique. A protein-centered radical adduct was trapped by 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide and was assigned to a thiyl radical adduct based on its hyperfine coupling constants of aN = 14.7 G and abetaH = 15.7 G. The ESR spectra obtained using the nitroso spin...

Super oxide anion had been known as a critical role in a phagocytic cell when microorganisms invade inside. However, this radical seldom need for a clean environment such in a developed country. Moreover, this agent sometimes triggered as serious factor in the site of inflammation. There are many papers which concerned newly found anti-oxidative substances. However, many reports only focused on...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis involves an imbalance between free radical formation and destruction. In order to obtain a novel preclinical anti-AD drug candidate, we synthesized a series of novel hydroxyl chalcone analogs which possessed anti-free radical activity, and screened their effects on scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and OH free radicals in vitro. Compound C7, ...

Annona squamosa has extensively been used in the traditional and folkloric medicine and found to possess many biological activities. Different solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Annona squamosa seeds (ASPE, ASCH, ASEA, ASME) have been used to prepare plant extracts. The present investigations dealt with the free radical scavenging activity of four extr...

Thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland are necessary for the normal development of body organs. It was demonstrated that NO participates in the regulation of thyroid function. NO brings about oxidation reactions which will produce free radicals, and can start chain reactions that damage cells. This leads to the production of ROS. These oxidants can damage cells by starting chemical chain react...

Quercetin is a typical flavonoid with diverse biological effects, attributable to its free radical scavenging activity. Bioavailability of quercetin aglycone and its glycosides is an important factor for its antioxidant activity in vivo. A severe limitation exists and is imputable to very poor absorption of quercetin when administered orally. To overcome this limitation, development of a value ...

Oxidative Stress is implicated as one of the primary factors that contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinsonism and neurological conditions like epileptic seizures, stroke, brain damage, neurotrauma etc. The increased formation and release of oxygen free radicals coupled with the rather low antioxidative potential of the central nervous syste...

background & aim:  ulcer index is one of the most common diseases among people. current therapies include acid secretion inhibitors which have various side effects. herbal medicines are considered as adjuvant therapy for this disease. hydroalcoholic extract of thymus daenensis has various components such as flavonoids which contribute to gastroprotection. experimental: 35 sprague dawley rat...

Aqueous leaf extract of L. speciosa (banaba) effectively decreased the blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice after 15th day of banaba exposure. Further, banaba leaf extract have the potential to inhibit lipid peroxidation and effectively intercept/neutralize reactive oxygen species such as super oxide, H2O2 and NO based free radicals. The aqueous banaba leaf extract (150 mg/kg b...

2,4-Dimethylbenzoylhydrazones 1-30 were synthesized by condensation reactions of 2,4-dimethylbenzoylhydrazide with various aromatic aldehydes and characterized. The assigned structures of compounds 10, 15 and 22 were further supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity. They exerted varying degre...