objectives: down syndrome is the most common chrosomal disorder in which the fine and gross motor skills due to lack of proper sensory experience are disturbed. the role of dexterity in activity of daily living, interaction with environment and independency is quiet crucial in down syndrome. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of simultaneous application of superfici...

objectives: to investigate the clinical efficacy of physiotherapy with and without superficial dry needling on patients with knee pain; patellofemoral pain syndrome. methods: a randomized clinical trial conducted in 2015, tehran, iran. of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, thirty-four subjects were randomly divided into two groups (17 in each group). group a was subjected to physiother...

background: different interpositional materials have been used to prevent recurrence after gap arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis. in this study, the temporalis superficial fascia flap was evaluated as an interpositional material after condylectomy.   materials and methods: 9 cases of unilateral or bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis were evaluated in this study with a fo...

background: heat therapy is one of the natural treatments that can affect the information transferred by the proprioceptive receptors. heat has an effect on the conduction velocity of peripheral nerves, but the exact effect of two kinds of deep and superficial heat on the joint position sense is not known clearly. the present study aimed to compare the effect of deep and superficial heat on ank...