Background: Use of botulinum toxin is becoming a popular way in treatment of some forms of strabismus.To evaluate the morphological changes in the orbital surface layer muscles of the rabbit eye following a single injection of botulinum toxin. Methods: 10 white Dutch rabbits weighing 2–3 kg received either 10 units (group 1; n=5) or 20 units (group 2; n=5) of botulinum toxin into the superior r...

The volume of the levator superior rectus muscle complex was determined from computed tomography scans of 152 orbits from 76 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Clinically observed lid retraction and lid lag did not correlate with the levator/superior rectus muscle volume and did not correlate with limitation of vertical eye movements or inferior rectus muscle volume. These results do not sup...

BACKGROUND Infected sternotomy wounds occur in 0.5 to 8.4 percent of open heart operations. They are complex problems, with a mortality rate of 8.1 to 14.8 percent despite flap closure. For closure, the pectoralis major flap has had considerable success. However, in providing coverage to the lower third of the sternum, it may be deficient. Modifications to improve closure have included a rectus...

PURPOSE It has been proposed that the lateral rectus (LR), like many skeletal and craniofacial muscles, comprises multiple neuromuscular compartments subserving different physiological functions. To explore the anatomic potential of compartmentalization in all four rectus extraocular muscles (EOMs), evidence was sought of possible regional selectivity in intramuscular innervation of all rectus ...

The electromyographic (EMG) study of patients with Duane's retraction syndrome has shown that there is a gross abnormality of innervational pattern in this condition. Most commonly the lateral rectus is affected and shows an innervation differing from the normal in several respects. The first description of the EMG pattern in two patients came from Breinin (I957) when he reported little activit...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Rectus muscle insertions are usually linear or slight curved with the anterior convexity. While operating squint surgeries, we found a presence of ridge-like structure at the medial rectus insertion. None of the other rectus muscle insertions had such structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients undergoing squint surgery were included in the study. All the patients had negativ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features, etiology, and management of superior oblique tendon incarceration syndrome. METHODS This series consists of all patients I treated between September 15, 1974, and March 1, 2006, for restrictive hypertropia in which the superior oblique tendon was found scarred to the superior rectus muscle insertion after prior surgery. RESULTS Twenty eyes in 18 ...