Scott, Dow, "Trust differences between men and women in superior and subordinate relationships" (1983).

This study examined the relationship between self and subordinate ratings of leadership and the relationship between self and peer ratings of leadership for 964 managers from 21 countries. Using multilevel modeling, the authors found that cultural characteristics moderated the relationship between self and others' ratings of leadership. Specifically, the relationship between self and subordinat...

The focus of this research is on the relationships between leader-member exchange (LMX), supportive supervisor communication (SSC), and subordinate job performance. It was predicted that the relationship between subordinate ratings of LMX quality and supervisor ratings of subordinate performance would be mediated by subordinate ratings of SSC. Specifically, it was hypothesized that LMX would di...

Few studies have identi®ed determinants of delegation and consultation. To investigate this question further, we surveyed managers and subordinates in two samples and interviewed managers individually or in focus groups. The use of delegation and consultation with individual subordinates was determined in part by characteristics of the subordinates and the manager±subordinate relationship. More...

This article proposes that in the future, P-E fit studies should use objective (as opposed to subjective) measures of the environment, such as the group size, in order to avoid numerous methodological problems. Several hypotheses were formulated in this article. Group size was hypothesised to moderate the following relationships: apprehension, sensitivity, social boldness and extroversion with ...

Subordinate perceptions of supervisor communication of power (control) strategies and supervisor communication of affinity-seeking strategies were found to correlate with subordinate satisfaction. Supervisor use of power strategies such as Deferred Reward from Behavior, Self-Esteem, and Supervisor Feedback were positively correlated with subordinate satisfaction. Punishment from Supervisor, Pun...

Each element of the hierarchy is a linked node in the tree. Commands, tasks and goals to be achieved flow down the tree from superior nodes to subordinate nodes, whereas sensations and command results flow up the tree from subordinate to superior nodes. Nodes may also exchange messages with their siblings. The two distinguishing features of a hierarchical control system are related to its layer...

This paper examines the relationship between the use of a fair budgeting process and subordinate performance. Organizational justice theory is used to de®ne a fair budgeting process as having two components: the subordinate's involvement in the budgeting process, voice; and the communication of a rationale for the subordinate's lack of in ̄uence over the ®nal budget target the superior sets, exp...

This paper provides an explanation for the frequently observed phenomenon of “inefficient micromanagement”. I show that a supervisor may get comprehensively involved into activities of a subordinate although a better option of delegation is available. This inefficiency persists in the absence of conflict of preferences and even as the cost of delegation becomes zero. The paper also demonstrates...