brown leaf spots; or diffuse yellow blotches. Severely affected plants have rotten basal stems and stumps and black, rotten roots. Symptoms of ‘awa dieback may resemble other ‘awa diseases or conditions. The mosaic symptoms associated with ‘awa dieback resemble nutrient deficiencies (e.g., nitrogen, potassium, and iron) caused by insufficient fertilizer applications or planting in a nutrient-po...

Genomes of two isolates of tomato leaf curl geminivirus from India (ToLCV-India) have been sequenced. ToLCV-India contains A and B components, both of which are required for systemic movement and symptom development. The two isolates have 94% sequence identify but one isolate gave mild symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. The genome organization of ToLCV-India is similar to other white...

Two bipartite begomoviruses, Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), have been isolated from mosaic-diseased cassava originating from central India and Sri Lanka, respectively. ICMV was transmitted with low efficiency from cassava to Nicotiana benthamiana by sap inoculation to give leaf curl symptoms. SLCMV was much more virulent in this host, producing s...

in recent years, symptoms of virus diseases on stone fruits have been observed in wide range in golestan province. in order to study the important viruses on stone fruits, cherry, plum, nectarine, peach and apricot trees with symptoms such as mosaic, chlorosis, ring spot, shot hole, pale margins in leaves and dwarf in trees, sampling was done during 2005. putative infected plants were tested by...

Several viruses have been reported to infect lettuce. The most important is Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), a potyvirus found worldwide transmitted by seeds and aphids, in a non-persistent manner. LMV causes quite variable symptoms, including mosaic, dwarfing, failure to form proper heads, and sometimes necrotic reactions. Cultivars carrying the mo11 and mo12 genes have resistance to the common str...

During a survey in 2020, Hormozgan province, the following symptoms were observed zucchini crops growing field: leaf curling, yellow mosaic, swelling of veins young leaves, and shortening internodes. Because importance Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) other Iran, presence this virus plants was evaluated by PCR amplification coat protein gene. Sequence analysis confirmed ToLCNDV infect...

Salicylic acid (SA) is a likely endogenous signal in the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in some dicotyledonous plants. In tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-resistant Xanthi-nc tobacco, SA levels increase systemically following the inoculation of a single leaf with TMV. To determine the extent to which systemic increases in SA result from SA export from the inoculated leaf, SA produc...

Small RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in plant development and host-pathogen interactions. Several studies have highlighted the relationship between viral infections, endogenous sRNA accumulation and transcriptional changes associated with symptoms. However, few studies have described a global analysis of endogenous sRNAs by comparing related viruses at early stages of infection, especially b...

Recently, a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain, named as CMV-209, was isolated from Glycine soja. In this study, symptom expression of CMV-209 was analyzed in detail in Nicotiana benthamiana by comparing with that of CMV-Fny, which is a representative strain of CMV. Using infectious cDNA clones of CMV strains 209 and Fny, symptom expression of various pseudorecombinants between these two strain...

Soluble silicon (Si) provides protection to plants against a variety of abiotic and biotic stress. However, the effects of Si on viral infections are largely unknown. To investigate the role of Si in viral infections, hydroponic studies were conducted in Nicotiana tabacum with two pathogens: Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Plants grown in elevated Si showed a delay...