Climate change and its possible impacts on the environment and socio-economic systems now constitute the most important environmental problem facing mankind in the 21st century. Climate change will increase poverty and hardship, endanger food security, destabilize economies, decrease food and water and create social insecurity in many countries and undermine our goals for achieving sustainable ...

the concept of land use transition highlights that land use change is non-linear and is associated with other societal and biophysical system changes. changes in human systems has resulted in changes in the natural system such as changes in land use. land use change causes not only environmental factors like geography and topography are important, but social factors examined such as population ...

cholera epidemics have a recorded history in eastern congo dating to 1971. a study was conducted to find out the linkage between climate variability/change and cholera outbreak and to assess the related economic cost in the management of cholera in congo.this study integrates historical data (20 years) on temperature and rainfall with the burden of disease from cholera in south-kivu province, e...

Barrier islands on the north coast of the Gulf of Mexico are an internationally important coastal resource. Each spring hundreds of thousands of Nearctic-Neotropical songbirds crossing the Gulf of Mexico during spring migration use these islands because they provide the first landfall for individuals following a trans-Gulf migratory route. The effects of climate change, particularly sea level r...

The characteristics of spread for an invasive species should influence how environmental authorities or government agencies respond to an initial incursion. High-resolution predictions of how, where, and the speed at which a newly established invasive population will spread across the surrounding heterogeneous landscape can greatly assist appropriate and timely risk assessments and control deci...

the volume and speed of change in today’s world has made the necessity of change in management systems inevitable. this obligation in governmental section of country has been understood and been put in the agenda of planners from some years ago, which its result is displayed in the plans of administrative change. this paper is the result a filed research in 45 governmental organizations in kerm...

The impact of climate change, water scarcity, land use change, population growth and also population shrinking can only be predicted with uncertainties. Especially for assets with a long planning horizon this is a critical part for planning and design. One solution is to make centralized organized water infrastructure with a long-planning horizon resilient and adaptive. For existing centralized...

Modeling groundwater vulnerability to pollution is critical for implementing programs to protect groundwater quality. Most groundwater vulnerability modeling has been based on current hydrogeology and land use conditions. However, groundwater vulnerability is strongly dependent on factors such as depth-to-water, recharge and land use conditions that may change in response to future changes in c...

Product data management is an engineering oriented information system. Engineering change request, engineering change notice, and engineering change control workflow in a product data management system are usually utilized starting from the detail product design phase. Lack of guidelines to identify configuration items and design change control workflow is one of the major reasons for not using...