The discovery of broad and potent HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) has renewed optimism for developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1. The generation of most bNAbs requires multiple rounds of B cell receptor affinity maturation, suggesting a crucial role of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in their production. However, less than 1% of HIV-infected patients develop bNAbs that arise late ...

Ageing profoundly changes our immune system and is thought to be a driving factor in the morbidity mortality associated with infectious disease older people. We have previously shown that impaired immunity vaccination occurs aged individuals partly attributed effect of age on T follicular helper (Tfh) cell formation. In this study, we examined how intrinsically affects Tfh formation both mice h...

Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), is a germinal center (GC)-derived lymphoma. The mechanisms underlying B-cell differentiation/maturation in GCs could be also involved in their malignant transformation. Moreover, the non-malignant cell composition and architecture of the tumor microenvironment can influence FL development and outcome. Here, ...

Abstract Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by B cells‐derived ANCAs, and ANCA was proved to be a key factor in its pathogenesis. Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) follicular helper (Tfh) cells were T‐cell subsets that play important roles B‐cell maturation antibody production. However, their significances microscopic poly...

CD4(+)T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are recognized as a distinct T-cell subset, which provides help for germinal center (GC) formation, B-cell development and affinity maturation, and immunoglobulin class switching, as an indispensable part of adaptive immunity. Tfh cell differentiation depends on various factors including cell-surface molecule interactions, extracellular cytokines and multip...

• IL-12Rb1–deficient subjects displayed substantially less circulating memory Tfh and memory B cells than control subjects. • The IL-12–STAT4 axis is associated with the development and functions of Tfh cells in vivo in humans. Antibody responses represent a key immune protection mechanism. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are the major CD4 T-cell subset that provides help to B cells to generate an

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an essential role in regulating the GC reaction and, consequently, generation of high-affinity antibodies and memory B cells. Therefore, Tfh are critical for potent humoral immune responses against various pathogens their dysregulation has been linked to autoimmunity cancer. cell differentiation is a multistep process, which cognate interactions with differe...