ruffling is a practice through which the mycelia containing casing soil will be thoroughly mixed. to evaluate the effects of ruffling of different casing soils in button mushroom production, an experiment was conducted comprised of three levels of ruffling; no ruffling, deep ruffling vs. superficial scratch and eight different types of casing soils, namely: holland peat (c1), north peat (c2), s...

The objectives of the study were to determine the spatial rate of CO2 flux (Net Ecosystem Exchange) and soil moisture in a wetland ecosystem applying Sentinel-1 IW (Interferometric Wide) data of VH (Vertical Transmit/Horizontal Receive—cross polarization) and VV (Vertical Transmit/Vertical Receive—like polarization) polarization. In-situ measurements of carbon flux, soil moisture, and LAI (Leaf...

Half-lives (t1/2) of two soil incorporated s-triazines (atrazine and prometon) and two thiocarbamate (EPTC and triallate) herbicides were determined in relation to soil moisture content in two California soils. Treated soils were incubated at three moisture levels in aerated glass vials at 25 +/- 1 degree C and were analyzed at 0, 7, 16, 28, 56 and 112 day intervals. Loss of herbicides in all t...

We study rain water infiltration and drainage in a dry model sandy soil with superabsorbent hydrogel particle additives by measuring the mass of retained water for non-ponding rainfall using a self-built 3D laboratory set-up. In the pure model sandy soil, the retained water curve measurements indicate that instead of a stable horizontal wetting front that grows downward uniformly, a narrow fing...

In a perspective to develop an inversion approach for estimating surface soil moisture of crop fields from Sentinel-1/2 data (radar and optical sensors), the Water Cloud Model (WCM) was calibrated from C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values collected over crops fields and grasslands. The soil contribution that depends on soil moisture...

This paper introduces a comparative theoretical investigation of the conventional cathodic protection (CP) and the pulse cathodic protection (PCP) systems to show how both of them behave under different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the PCP system has been analyzed in the light of getting better protection-current distribution along the protected well casing at reduced anode curren...

ENVISAT ASAR Data acquired over four test sites were analyzed for soil moisture mapping using various models. The polarimetric data covers dual polarized HH/VV, HH/HV and single polarized VV in swaths IS2, IS2, IS4, IS5 and IS6. SIR-C Land C-band data were also used for the verification of models. Dubois et al. empirical and linear regression equations were used for soil moisture estimation. Th...

The main objective of this study is to analyze the potential use of Sentinel-1 (S1) radar data for the estimation of soil characteristics (roughness and water content) and cereal vegetation parameters (leaf area index (LAI), and vegetation height (H)) in agricultural areas. Simultaneously to several radar acquisitions made between 2015 and 2017, using S1 sensors over the Kairouan Plain (Tunisia...

The aim of this study was to develop a systematic quality index for application in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach mushrooms, based on the physical, chemical and biological properties (indicators) of the compost and casing layers (factors). The relative importance (weight) of each of the factors and indicators, their normalized scores, the quality index values and the correl...

one of the most important steps of agaricus bisporus production is casing. in this step a layer of soil is added on top of compost. peat is the most suitable casing soil for a. bisporus production. the lack of peat in iran is one of the major problems in a. bisporus production for mushroom producers. it seems that peat can be replaced by spent mushroom compost (smc). in order to study the possi...