While classical software engineering dictums separate the development of a system’s requirements from its design, practice has largely shown this to be either impractical or naive. Much of the design of large software-dependent systems comes from prior systems, and that knowledge affects the requirements for new systems. Even if prior systems do not directly determine new system’s requirements,...

In two studies, we investigated the ability of a variety of structural and temporal measures computed from a web navigation path to predict lostness and task success. The user’s task was to find requested target information on specified websites. The web navigation measures were based on counts of visits to web pages and other statistical properties of the web usage graph (such as compactness, ...

The Problem Frames approach defines identifiable problem classes based on, among other things, their context and the characteristics of their domains, interfaces and requirements, without going deeply into the solution. Other software engineering approaches deal with the concept of patterns that present wellknown solutions, such as archetype, analysis and design patterns. We can say, for instan...

In this paper the optimal design problem for the estimation of the individual coe cients in a polynomial regression on an arbitrary interval a b a b is considered Recently Sahm demonstrated that the optimal design is one of four types depending on the symmetry parameter s a b a b and the speci c coe cient which has to be estimated In the same paper the optimal design was identi ed explicitly in...

surface roughness of engineering parts is very significant property that effectively influences on the wear and fatigue strength. there are many methods for improving surface quality of engineering parts such as grinding, lapping and honing. one of the methods for improving surface quality is roller burnishing. roller burnishing improves surface quality of engineering parts by means of cold wor...

durbin's rank test is widely used for testing treatment effects in balanced incomplete block designs (bibds)which have wide applications in sensory analysis. this test is failed for bibds when ties data occur. an adjusted version of durbin rank test for this kind of data is given to solve this problem. chi-square approximation, which is commonly used for this test, is not adequate for small bib...

the main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. therefore, railway track desig...

Come with us to read a new book that is coming recently. Yeah, this is a new coming book that many people really want to read will you be one of them? Of course, you should be. It will not make you feel so hard to enjoy your life. Even some people think that reading is a hard to do, you must be sure that you can do it. Hard will be felt when you have no ideas about what kind of book to read. Or...