Iterative decoding and linear programming decoding are guaranteed to converge to the maximum-likelihood codeword when the underlying Tanner graph is cyclefree. Therefore, cycles are usually seen as the culprit of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. In this paper, we argue in the context of graph cover pseudocodeword that, for a code that permits a cycle-free Tanner graph, cycles have no effe...

This thesis deals with two approaches to the problem of suboptimal decoding of finitelength error correcting codes under a probabilistic channel model. One approach, initiated by Gallager in 1963, is based on iterative message-passing decoding algorithms. The second approach, introduced by Feldman, Wainwright and Karger in 2003, is based on linear-programming (LP). We consider families of error...

The problem of finding a low-complexity Tanner graph for a general lattice A is studied. The problem is divided into two subproblems: 1) Finding an orthogonal sublattice A‘ of A which minimizes the complexity of the label code of the quotient group A/A’. 2) Constructing a simple Tanner graph for the label code obtained in part 1. The proposed approach for solving subproblem 2 can also be applie...

Author affiliations: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M. Meriluoto, L. Hedman, M. Knip, K. Hedman, M. Söderlund-Venermo); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki (L. Hedman, M. Knip, K. Hedman); University of Turku, Turku, Finland (L. Tanner, V. Simell, M. Mäkinen, S. Simell, J. Mykkänen, J. Korpelainen, O. Ruuskanen, J. Ilonen, O. Simell); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio...

Article history: Received 2 September 2013 Received in revised form 7 July 2014 Accepted 12 July 2014 Available online 17 July 2014 Communicated by Jared Tanner

This paper describes the application of edge-local complementation (ELC), defined for a simple bipartite graph, to a Tanner graph associated with a binary linear code, C. From a code perspective, various properties of ELC are described and discussed, mainly the special case of isomorphic ELC operations and the relationship to the automorphism group of the code, Aut(C), as well as the generaliza...

, 201 (1950); 112 Science et al. Wilson P. Tanner, Jr., Intelligence between Visual Fusion of Intermittent Light and A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of December 28, 2006 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org version of this article at: including high-resolution figur...

, 201 (1950); 112 Science et al. Wilson P. Tanner, Jr., Intelligence between Visual Fusion of Intermittent Light and A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of December 28, 2006 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org version of this article at: including high-resolution figur...

In 2007 over $30 Billion in US retail sales were driven by over 15 million US direct sales distributors selling everything from cosmetics, household goods, nutrition, life insurance and mortgages. (Direct Selling Association). In the direct selling industry, prior to the Internet, direct sales presentations relied on a direct selling distributor traveling to the prospect’s home to make a presen...

Students enter educational settings with complex and well-established intuitive conceptual understandings of the world, which have important educational consequences. In biology, intuitive thinking can be characterized in terms of cognitive construals (anthropocentric, teleological, and essentialist thinking, Coley & Tanner, 2015). We examined relations between intuitive thinking and biological...