Industrialization has long been seen as the answer to underdevelopment and poverty. First this led countries to follow protectionist import substitution policies but as these failed developing countries have opened up to trade and FDI and tried to follow strategies of export driven industrialization. If we consider the share of non-OECD countries in global trade in manufactures, this has been a...

This paper essays the viewpoint that the development or innovation in society of technologies, such as information and communication technologies, should be self-cultivated rather than imported. Ideas are drawn from multiple research disciplines to inform the elaboration of this perspective. A behavioral notion of development, based on the notion of structural conditioning of behaviors of socia...

Growth, Development, and Technological Change The theory of endogenous technical change has deeply contributed to our understanding of the fundamental sources of economic growth and development. In this chapter we survey important contributions in the field by focussing on the basic structure of endogenous growth models with horizontal as well as vertical innovation and emphasizing important im...

Introduction After the Second World War, many countries have found the increasing need for progressive technology as a major means of achieving a competitive edge in the marketplace and also for effective welfare. It was not only under-developed countries that focused on this emerging phenomena, but many advanced nations which had been devastated during the War, tried to achieve the highest lev...

nowadays clean energy and technological innovation in this field have becomevery important. dynamic innovation and technology development are done by the formation of technological innovation systems and factors influencing thefunctions of system play a key role in the emergence of such systems.considering the lack of previous researches in this area, this research seeks toanswer the question t...

this paper tries to survey the effective factors in creating an appropriate environment for improving advanced technologies in iranian national oil company and it offers some solutions for applying these technologies. in the beginning, the paper mentions the growing demand for oil more than its global supply in the years to come as well as the need to increase the oil reservoirs and recycling c...